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Dermatological Manifestations of Kidney Disease pp 45–56Cite as

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

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Abstract

Patients with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have a greatly increased risk of kidney disease, due in part to HIV-associated nephropathy and commonly used nephrotoxic medications. The cutaneous manifestations of HIV are a vast spectrum of disorders including exaggerated or atypical presentations of common diseases, opportunistic infections, and adverse medication reactions. A dermatologic sign or symptom may be the first presentation of an occult HIV infection. Many cutaneous manifestations of HIV are correlated with CD4 T-cell count, such that skin diseases may progress more rapidly or present in an atypical fashion as immune status deteriorates. The introduction of effective antiretroviral treatment has modified the course of the disease while simultaneously introducing its own complications including medication reactions, lipodystrophy syndrome, and the immune reconstitution syndrome.

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Abbreviations

AIDS:

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome

EF:

Eosinophilic folliculitis

FTA-ABS:

Fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption

HAART:

Highly active antiretroviral therapy

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

HLA:

Human leukocyte antigen

HPV:

Human papillomavirus

HSV:

Herpes simplex virus

IRIS:

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome

KS:

Kaposi sarcoma

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

PPE:

Pruritic papular eruption

PUVA:

Psoralen plus ultraviolet A

RPR:

Rapid plasma reagin

UVB:

Ultraviolet B

VZV:

Varicella zoster virus

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Avenue, Room 2023, Miami, FL, 33136, USA

    Caroline Y. Winslow M.D.

  2. Florida International University, 836 Ponce De Leon Blvd., Suite 204, Coral Gables, FL, 33134, USA

    Francisco A. Kerdel B.Sc., M.B.B.S.

Authors
  1. Caroline Y. Winslow M.D.
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  2. Francisco A. Kerdel B.Sc., M.B.B.S.
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Caroline Y. Winslow M.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dermatology, Nelson Clinic, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA

    Julia R. Nunley

  2. Department of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, University of Illinois at Chicago / Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn, Illinois, USA

    Edgar V. Lerma

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© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Winslow, C.Y., Kerdel, F.A. (2015). Human Immunodeficiency Virus. In: Nunley, J., Lerma, E. (eds) Dermatological Manifestations of Kidney Disease. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2395-3_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2395-3_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-2394-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-2395-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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