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The Neuropsychology of Men pp 25–61Cite as

Imaging and Development: Relevant Findings in Males

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Part of the book series: Issues of Diversity in Clinical Neuropsychology ((ISSUESDIV))

Abstract

The ability for neuroimaging to now explore brain structure and functioning variations has opened new avenues of research in gender differences (Cairns, Malone, Johnston, & Cammock, Personality and Individual Differences, 6, 653–654, 1985; Gur et al., Science, 267(5197), 528–531, 1995; Kulynych, Vladar, Jones, & Weinberger, Cerebral Cortex, 4(2), 107–118, 1994; Schlaepfer et al., Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 61, 129–135, 1995; Witelson & McCulloch, Schizophrenia Bulletin, 17(4), 583–591, 1991). The first studies emphasized different diseases with less emphasis on gender. Most studies utilized males because females were excluded due to concerns about pregnancy issues (Witelson & McCulloch, Schizophrenia Bulletin, 17(4), 583–591, 1991). The focus of this chapter is on men and neuroimaging findings in various disorders as well as in general development.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fMRI (functional MRI) require no radiation. These noninvasive and safe technologies have increased interest in gender differences in brain structure and function. The aim of this chapter is to discuss the extant literature in imaging in men. Gender differences will be briefly discussed as far as what variations may be seen in normal development, as well as in common developmental disorders such as learning disabilities and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Where possible, we will follow those differences into adulthood, both for normal development and for those seen in specific disorders in order to more fully understand how normal as well as disrupted development can influence later functioning. As it is not possible within this chapter to discuss the neuroimaging findings in all disorders, we are focusing on findings in men in the disorders of schizophrenia, depression, antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), and stroke/heart attack. This chapter begins with a brief discussion of neuroimaging techniques as well as methodological issues that impact our understanding of the existing research in these areas.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, 516 Delaware St SE, Mayo 486, Minneapolis, 55455, MN, USA

    Margaret Semrud-Clikeman

  2. Department of School Psychology, Austin Public Schools, Austin, TX, USA

    Rachel Robillard

  3. Austin Independent School District, 1111 W 6th St., Austin, TX, 78703, USA

    Rachel Robillard

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  1. Margaret Semrud-Clikeman
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Correspondence to Margaret Semrud-Clikeman .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macau, China

    Charles M. Zaroff

  2. Department of School Psychology, Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Department of School Psychology, Chicago, Illinois, USA

    Rik Carl D'Amato

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Semrud-Clikeman, M., Robillard, R. (2015). Imaging and Development: Relevant Findings in Males. In: Zaroff, C., D'Amato, R. (eds) The Neuropsychology of Men. Issues of Diversity in Clinical Neuropsychology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7615-4_2

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