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A Possible Second Messenger System for the Production of Long-Term Changes in Synapses

  • Chapter
Molecular Mechanisms of Neuronal Responsiveness

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 221))

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Abstract

Interactions between neurons that leave physiological traces lasting more than a few milleseconds are typically explained by reference to a second messenger system. Candidates for second messengers in brain typically involve enzymes, most often protein kinases, and use activation sequences that vary considerably in complexity; for example, calcium/calmodulin activated kinases require only the presence of sufficient concentrations of calcium against an appropriate background while stimulation of the c-AMP dependent kinase is pictured as a series of steps that include protein translocation, activation of a cyclase, and so forth (Greengard, 1981). Recently a probable second messenger system of considerable complexity and involving a novel type of kinase has been identified (Berridge and Irvine, 1984). Activation of several types of transmitter and hormone receptors stimulates the turnover of membrane phosphatidylinositol (PI) with the formation of two breakdown products in the interior of the cell, one of which releases calcium from intracellular stores and a second that, together with calcium, causes the translocation and activation of protein kinase C. This system can be modulated at several stages, as indicated by the observation that certain membrane receptor classes suppress the activation by other receptors of PI turnover (Baudry et al., 1986). In this chapter we will review the hypothesis that a novel kind of second messenger system is found in brain that, when activated, causes irreversible changes in the fundamental structures and functions of the neuronal cytoskeleton.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92717, USA

    Michel Baudry, Peter Seubert & Gary Lynch

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  1. Michel Baudry
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  2. Peter Seubert
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  3. Gary Lynch
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. The University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA

    Yigal H. Ehrlich , Robert H. Lenox  & Elizabeth Kornecki ,  & 

  2. Bolling A.F. Base, U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Washington, D.C., USA

    William O. Berry

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© 1987 Plenum Press, New York

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Baudry, M., Seubert, P., Lynch, G. (1987). A Possible Second Messenger System for the Production of Long-Term Changes in Synapses. In: Ehrlich, Y.H., Lenox, R.H., Kornecki, E., Berry, W.O. (eds) Molecular Mechanisms of Neuronal Responsiveness. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 221. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7618-7_21

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7618-7_21

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-7620-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-7618-7

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