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Long-chain fatty acid transport in bacteria and yeast. Paradigms for defining the mechanism underlying this protein-mediated process

  • Chapter
Lipid Binding Proteins within Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry

Part of the book series: Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry ((DMCB,volume 29))

Abstract

Protein-mediated transport of exogenous long-chain fatty acids across the membrane has been defined in a number of different systems. Central to understanding the mechanism underlying this process is the development of the appropriate experimental systems which can be manipulated using the tools of molecular genetics. Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae are ideally suited as model systems to study this process in that both [1] exhibit saturable long-chain fatty acid transport at low ligand concentration; [2] have specific membrane-bound and membrane-associated proteins that are components of the transport apparatus; and [3] can be easily manipulated using the tools of molecular genetics. In E. coli, this process requires the outer membrane-bound fatty acid transport protein FadL and the inner membrane associated fatty acyl CoA synthetase (FACS). FadL appears to represent a substrate specific channel for long-chain fatty acids while FACS activates these compounds to CoA thioesters thereby rendering this process unidirectional. This process requires both ATP generated from either substrate-level or oxidative phosphorylation and the proton electrochemical gradient across the inner membrane. In S. cerevisiae, the process of long-chain fatty acid transport requires at least the membrane-bound protein Fatlp. Exogenously supplied fatty acids are activated by the fatty acyl CoA synthetases Faalp and Faa4p but unlike the case in E. coli, there is not a tight linkage between transport and activation. Studies evaluating the growth parameters in the presence of long-chain fatty acids and long-chain fatty acid transport profiles of a fatlΔ strain support the hypothesis that Fatlp is required for optimal levels of long-chain fatty acid transport. (Mol Cell Biochem 192: 41–52, 1999)

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  1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA

    Concetta C. DiRusso & Paul N. Black

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  1. Department of Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Leonard Banaszak

  2. Department of Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA

    David A. Bernlohr

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DiRusso, C.C., Black, P.N. (1999). Long-chain fatty acid transport in bacteria and yeast. Paradigms for defining the mechanism underlying this protein-mediated process. In: Banaszak, L., Bernlohr, D.A. (eds) Lipid Binding Proteins within Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, vol 29. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4929-1_5

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