Thracian Sanctuaries

Abstract

The greater part of ancient Thrace lies in the territory of modern Bulgaria. Rock-cut sanctuaries are characteristic elements of the Thracian cultural tradition, both rock-cut monuments in mountainous regions and temples and tombs within barrows in the lowlands.

The rock-cut sanctuaries are cult centers situated high above settlements and near to springs, in positions convenient for observing the horizon and celestial phenomena. Archaeoastronomical research suggests that they are ancient solar observatories devoted to cults of the Sun and the Great Mother Goddess (Cybele).

The valley of Kazanlak, Bulgaria, situated in the lowlands between the mountains of Sredna Gora and the Balkans, is known as “The valley of the Thracian rulers” and contains many fine examples of Thracian temples and tombs. This naturally differentiated territory, with specific cultural characteristics and heritage, contains about 1,500 mounds, of which the excavated examples reveal the typological diversity and richness of Thracian temple and tomb architecture during the entire first millennium BC as well as the Roman epoch.

Archaeoastronomical investigations point to rituals determining the longest and the shortest days of the year. At the solstices, beams of sunlight illuminate sacred spots in the temples connected with specific cult practices.