Abstract
Recently, several studies have utilised non-Euclidean geometry to address several computer vision problems including object tracking [17], characterising the diffusion of water molecules as in diffusion tensor imaging [24], face recognition [23, 31], human re-identification [4], texture classification [16], pedestrian detection [39] and action recognition [22, 43].
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsNotes
- 1.
In a Hausdorff space, distinct points have disjoint neighbourhoods. This property is important to establish the notion of a differential manifold, as it guarantees that convergent sequences have a single limit point.
- 2.
Special orthogonal group SO(n) is the space of all n ×n orthogonal matrices with the determinant + 1. It is not a vector space but a differentiable manifold, i.e. it can be locally approximated by subsets of a Euclidean space.
- 3.
A pseudo kernel is a function where the positive definiteness is not guaranteed to be satisfied for whole range of the function’s parameters. Nevertheless, it is possible to convert a pseudo kernel into sa true kernel, as discussed, for example, in [9].
- 4.
The study in [40] addresses the problem of recognising actions in still images, which is different from the work presented here.
References
Adini Y, Moses Y, Ullman S (1997) Face recognition: The problem of compensating for changes in illumination direction. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 19(7):721–732
Argyriou A, Micchelli CA, Pontil M (2009) When is there a representer theorem? vector versus matrix regularizers. J Mach Learn Res 10:2507–2529
Bailly-Bailliére E, Bengio S, Bimbot F, Hamouz M, Kittler J, Mariéthoz J, Matas J, Messer K, Popovici V, Porée F, Ruiz B, Thiran JP (2003) The BANCA database and evaluation protocol. In: AVBPA. Lecture notes in computer science (LNCS), springer pp 1057–1057
Bak S, Corve E, Brmond F, Thonnat M (2011) Boosted human re-identification using riemannian manifolds. Image and Vision Comput, Elsevier
Bazzani L, Cristani M, Perina A, Farenzena M, Murino V (2010) Multiple-shot person re-identification by hpe signature. In: Proceedings of the 2010 20th international conference on pattern recognition. IEEE Computer Society, Silver Spring, pp 1413–1416
Belhumeur P, Hespanha J, Kriegman D (1997) Eigenfaces vs. fisherfaces: Recognition using class specific linear projection. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 19(7):711–720
Bishop CM (2006) Pattern recognition and machine learning. Springer, Berlin
Cevikalp H, Triggs B (2010) Face recognition based on image sets. In: IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR). IEEE pp 2567–2573
Chen Y, Garcia EK, Gupta MR, Rahimi A, Cazzanti L (2009) Similarity-based classification: Concepts and algorithms. J Mach Learn Res 10:747–776
Comaniciu D, Meer P (2002) Mean shift: A robust approach toward feature space analysis. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 24(5):603–619
Edelman A, Arias TA, Smith ST (1999) The geometry of algorithms with orthogonality constraints. SIAM J Matrix Anal Appl 20(2):303–353
Ess A, Leibe B, Van Gool L (2007) Depth and appearance for mobile scene analysis. In: IEEE 11th international conference on computer vision, 2007. ICCV 2007. IEEE, New York, pp 1–8
Farenzena M, Bazzani L, Perina A, Murino V, Cristani M (2010) Person re-identification by symmetry-driven accumulation of local features. In: 2010 IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR). IEEE, New York, pp 2360–2367
Hamm J, Lee DD (2008) Grassmann discriminant analysis: a unifying view on subspace-based learning. In: Proceedings of the 25th international conference on Machine learning ACM pp 376–383
Harandi MT, Sanderson C, Shirazi S, Lovell BC (2011) Graph embedding discriminant analysis on Grassmannian manifolds for improved image set matching. In: IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR). IEEE pp 2705–2712
Harandi MT, Sanderson C, Wiliem A, Lovell BC (2012) Kernel analysis over Riemannian manifolds for visual recognition of actions, pedestrians and textures. In: IEEE workshop on the applications of computer vision (WACV), IEEE pp 433–439
Hu W, Li X, Luo W, Zhang X, Maybank S, Zhang Z (2012) Single and multiple object tracking using log-euclidean riemannian subspace and block-division appearance model. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell. IEEE
Kimeldorf GS, Wahba G (1970) A correspondence between bayesian estimation on stochastic processes and smoothing by splines. Ann Math Stat 41:495–502
Lee T (1996) Image representation using 2d gabor wavelets. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 18(10):959–971
Leibe B, Schiele B (2003) Analyzing appearance and contour based methods for object categorization. In: IEEE Conf. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), vol 2, pp 409–415
Lui YM (2012) Advances in matrix manifolds for computer vision. Image and Vision Computing, 30(6), Elsevier, 380-388
O’Hara S, Lui YM, Draper BA (2011) Using a product manifold distance for unsupervised action recognition. Image and Vision Computing Elsevier
Pang Y, Yuan Y, Li X (2008) Gabor-based region covariance matrices for face recognition. IEEE Trans Circ Syst Video Technol 18(7):989–993
Pennec X (2006) Intrinsic statistics on Riemannian manifolds: Basic tools for geometric measurements. J Math Imag Vision 25(1):127–154
Phillips P, Moon H, Rizvi S, Rauss P (2000) The feret evaluation methodology for face-recognition algorithms. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 22(10):1090–1104
Randen T, Husoy J (1999) Filtering for texture classification: A comparative study. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 21(4):291–310
Rosenberg S (1997) The Laplacian on a Riemannian manifold: An introduction to analysis on manifolds. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Schwartz W, Davis L (2009) Learning discriminative appearance-based models using partial least squares. In: XXII Brazilian symposium on computer graphics and image processing (SIBGRAPI), 2009. IEEE, New York, pp 322–329
Shawe-Taylor J, Cristianini N (2004) Kernel methods for pattern analysis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Sim T, Baker S, Bsat M (2003) The CMU pose, illumination, and expression database. IEEE Trans Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 25(12), 1615–1618
Sivalingam R, Boley D, Morellas V, Papanikolopoulos N (2010a) Tensor sparse coding for region covariances. In: Computer VisionECCV 2010 pp. 722–735. Springer
Sivalingam R, Boley D, Morellas V, Papanikolopoulos N (2010b) Tensor sparse coding for region covariances. In: Computer vision–ECCV 2010, pp 722–735 springer
Sra S (2012) Positive definite matrices and the symmetric Stein divergence. Preprint: [arXiv:1110.1773]
Subbarao R, Meer P (2009) Nonlinear mean shift over Riemannian manifolds. Int J Comput Vision 84(1):1–20
Tikhonov AN, Arsenin VY (1977) Solutions of Ill-posed problems. V.H. Winston & Sons, Washington, D.C.; Wiley, New York
Turaga P, Veeraraghavan A, Srivastava A, Chellappa R (2011) Statistical computations on grassmann and stiefel manifolds for image and video-based recognition. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 33(11):2273–2286
Turk M, Pentland A (1991) Eigenfaces for recognition. J Cognit Neurosci 3(1):71–86
Tuzel O, Porikli F, Meer P (2006) Region covariance: A fast descriptor for detection and classification. In: Leonardis A, Bischof H, Pinz A (eds) European conference on computer vision (ECCV). Lecture notes in computer science, vol 3952. Springer, Berlin, pp 589–600
Tuzel O, Porikli F, Meer P (2008) Pedestrian detection via classification on Riemannian manifolds. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell (PAMI) 30:1713–1727
Wang Y, Mori G (2009) Human action recognition by semilatent topic models. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 31(10):1762–1774
Wolf L, Shashua A (2003) Learning over sets using kernel principal angles. J Mach Learn Res 4:913–931
Yamaguchi O, Fukui K, Maeda KI (1998) Face recognition using temporal image sequence. In: IEEE international conference on automatic face and gesture recognition, Washington, DC, 1998, pp 318–323
Yuan C, Hu W, Li X, Maybank S, Luo G (2010) Human action recognition under log-euclidean riemannian metric. In: Asian conference on computer vision (ACCV). Lecture notes in computer science, vol 5994. Springer, Berlin, pp 343–353
Acknowledgements
This project is supported by a grant from the Australian Government Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. NICTA is funded by the Australian Government’s Backing Australia’s Ability initiative, in part through the Australian Research Council. The first and second authors contributed equally.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Shirazi, S., Alavi, A., Harandi, M.T., Lovell, B.C. (2013). Graph-Embedding Discriminant Analysis on Riemannian Manifolds for Visual Recognition. In: Fu, Y., Ma, Y. (eds) Graph Embedding for Pattern Analysis. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4457-2_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4457-2_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-4456-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-4457-2
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)