Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Repair of O4-Alkylthymine Damage in Human Cells

  • Chapter
DNA Damage and Repair in Human Tissues

Part of the book series: Basic Life Sciences ((BLSC,volume 53))

Abstract

Experiments using various test systems have demonstrated that agents with carcinogenic potential are also mutagenic in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems (Ames, 1979; Moore et al., 1988; Yuspa et al., 1989). Model studies using experimental animals and cultured cells associate the initiation step in the process of multistage carcinogenesis, with the structural alterations of the cellular DNA (Harris and Autrup, 1983; Cairns, 1981). The modifications of DNA structure can ultimately lead to abnormal cellular function unless the induced damage is repaired prior to the commencement of the cellular DNA replication. DNA alkylating agents e.g., nitrosoureas or nitrosoguanidines are a class of chemical compounds that mediate their biological effects through interactions with nucleophilic sites in DNA and formation of alkyl adducts. The chemistry and extent of formation of these adducts as well as their subsequent fate in the living cell plays a critical role in the mutagenic and carcinogenic processes (Margison and O’Connor, 1979; O’Connor et al., 1979). Elucidation of the mechanism(s), by which a variety of different adducts elicit changes in cellular phenotype, has been an area of intense pathobiological investigation. In-depth studies have been performed on the chemistry and reactivity of different alkylation agents.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abbott, P.J., and Saffhill, R., 1979, DNA synthesis with methylated poly(dC-dG) templates: Evidence for a competitive nature to miscoding by O6-methylguanine, Biochim. Biophvs. Acta, 562: 51.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Adamkiewicz, J., Ahrens, O., Huh, N., Nehls, P., Rajewsky, M.F., and Spiess, E., 1984, High-affinity monoclonal antibodies for the specific recognition and quantification of deoxynucleosides structurally modified by N-nitroso compounds, IARC Sci. Publ., 581.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahmmed, Z., and Laval, J., 1984, Enzymatic repair of O-alkylated thymidine residues in DNA: Involvement of a O4-methylthymine-DNA methyltransferase and a O2-methylthymine DNA glycosylase, Biochem. Biophvs. Res. Commun., 120: 1.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ames, B.N., 1979, Identifying environmental chemicals causing mutations and cancer, Science, 204: 587.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Becker, R.A., and Montesano, R., 1985, Repair of O4-methyldeoxy- thymidine residues in DNA by mammalian liver extracts, Carcinogenesis, 6: 313.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bedell, M.A., Lewis, J.G., Billings, K.C., and Swenberg, J.A., 1982, Cell specificity in hepatocarcinogenesis: Preferential accumulation of O6-methylguanine in target cell DNA during continuous exposure of rats to 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine, Cancer Res., 42: 3079.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bodell, W.J., Singer, B., Thomas, G.H., and Cleaver, J.E., 1979, Evidence for removal at different rates of O-ethyl pyrimidines and ethyl phosphotriesters in two human fibroblast cell lines, Nucleic Acids Res., 6: 2819.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bohr, V.A., and Hanawalt, P.C., 1988, DNA repair in genes, Pharmacol. Then, 38: 305.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boyle, J.M., Durrant, L.G., Wild, C.P., Saffhill, R., and Margison, G.P., 1987, Genetic evidence for nucleotide excision repair of O6-alkylguanine in mammalian cells, J. Cell Sci. [Suppl], 6: 147.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brennan, R.G., Pyzalska, D., Blonski, W.J., Hruska, F.E., and Sundaralingam, M., 1986, Crystal structure of the promutagen O4-methylthymidine: importance of the anti conformation of the O4-methoxy group and possible mispairing of O4-methylthymidine with guanine, Biochemistry., 25: 1181.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brent, T.P., 1985, Isolation and purification of O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase from human leukemic cells. Prevention of chloroethylnitrosourea-induced cross-links by purified enzyme, Pharmacol. Ther., 31: 121.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brent, T.P., Dolan, M.E., Fraenkel-Conrat, H., Hall, J., Karran, P., Laval, F., Margison, G.P., Montesano, R., Pegg, A.E., Potter, P.M., Singer, B., Swenberg, J.A., and Yarosh, D.B., 1988, Repair of O-alkylpyrimidines in mammalian cells: a present consensus, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 85: 1759.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cairns, J., 1981, The origins of human cancers, Nature, 289: 353.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coulondre, C., and Miller, J.H., 1977, Genetic studies of the lac repressor, IV. Mutagenic specificity in the lac I gene by Escherichia coli, J. Mol. Biol., 117: 577.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • D’Ambrosio, S.M., Samuel, M.J., Dutta-Choudhury, T.A., and Wani, A.A., 1987, O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase in human fetal tissues: fetal and maternal factors, Cancer Res., 47: 51.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • D’Ambrosio, S.M., and Wani, A.A. 1989, Repair of O-alkylation damage in human cells, In: “Transformation of human diploid fibroblasts,” G.E. Milo, and B. Casto, eds., CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Demple, B., Sedgwick, B., Robins, P., Totty, N., Waterfield, M.D., and Lindahl, T., 1985, Active site and complete sequence of the suicidal methyltransferase that counters alkylation mutagenesis, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 82: 2688.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dolan, M.E., Scicchitano, D., Singer, B., and Pegg, A.E., 1984, Comparison of repair on methylated pyrimidines in poly(dT) by extracts of rat liver and Escherichia coli, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 123: 324.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dolan, M.E., Morimoto, K., and Pegg, A.E., 1985, Reduction of O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase activity in HeLa cells treated with O6-alkylguanines, Cancer Res., 45: 6413.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dolan, M.E., and Pegg, A.E., 1985, Extent of formation of O4-methylthymidine in calf thymus DNA methylated by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and lack of repair of this product by rat liver O6-alkylguanine-DNA-alkyltransferase, Carcinogenesis, 6: 1611.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dolan, M.E., Scicchitano, D., and Pegg, A.E., 1988, Use of oligo-deoxynucleotides containing O6-alkylguanine for the assay of O6-alkylguanine-DNA-alkyltransferase activity, Cancer Res., 48: 1184.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dolan, M.E., Oplinger, M., and Pegg, A.E., 1988, Use of a dodecadeoxy- nucleotide to study repair of O4-methylthymine lesion, Mutat. Res., 193: 131.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Domoradzki, J., Pegg, A.E., Dolan, M.E., Maher, V.M., and McCormick, J.J., 1984, Correlation between O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase activity and resistance of human cells to the cytotoxic and mutagenic effect of N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitroso-guanidine, Carcinogenesis, 5: 1641.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duran, H.L., and Wani, A.A., 1987, Site-specific gap-misrepair mutagenesis by O4-ethylthymine, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 908: 60.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dyroff, M.C., Richardson, F.C., Popp, J.A., Bedell, M.A., and Swenberg, J.A., 1986, Correlation of O4-ethyldeoxythymidine accumulation, hepatic initiation and hepatocellular carcinoma induction in rats continuously administered diethylnitrosamine, Carcinogenesis, 7: 241.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Essigmann, J.M., Fowler, K.W., Green, C.L., and Loechler, E.L., 1985, Extrachromosomal probes for mutagenesis by carcinogens: studies on the mutagenic activity of O6-methylguanine built into a unique site in a viral genome, Environ. Health Perspect., 62: 171.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, J., and Karran, P. 1986, Repair of DNA lesions introduced by N-nitroso compounds, In: “Repair of DNA lesions introduced by N-Nitroso compounds,” B. Myrnes, and H. Krokan, eds., Norwegian University Press, Oslo. pp. 73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, C.C., and Autrup, H., 1983, “Human Carcinogenesis,” Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huh, N., and Rajewsky, M.F., 1986, Enzymatic elimination of O6-ethylguanine and stability of O4-ethylthymine in the DNA of malignant neural cell lines exposed to N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea in culture, Carcinogenesis, 7: 435.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huh, N.-H., Satoh, M.S., Shiga, J., Rajewsky, M.F., and Kuroki, T., 1989, Immunoanalytical detection of O4-ethylthymine in liver DNA of individuals with or without malignant tumors, Cancer Res., 49: 93.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lawley, P.D., and Thatcher, C.J., 1970, Methylation of deoxyribonucleic acid cultured mammalian cells by N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. The influence of cellular thiol concentrations on the extent of methylation and 6-oxygen atom of guanosine as a site of methylation, Biochem. J., 116: 693.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lu, S.H., Montesano, R., Zhang, M.S., Feng, L., Luo, F.J., Chui, S.X., Umbenhauer, D., Saffhill, R., and Rajewsky, M.F., 1986, Relevance of N-nitrosamines to esophageal cancer in China, L Cell Physiol. [Suppl], 4: 51.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manchester, D.K., Weston, A., Choi, J.-S., Trivers, G.E., Fennessey, P.V., Quintana, E., Farmer, P.B., Mann, D.L., and Harris, C.C., 1988, Detection of benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide-DNA adducts in human placenta, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 85: 9243.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Margison, G.P., and O’Connor, P.J. 1979, Nucleic acid modification by N-nitroso compounds, In: “Chemical Carcinogenesis and DNA,” P.L. Grover, ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. pp. 111.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy, J.G., Edington, B.V., and Schendel, P.F., 1983, Inducible repair of phosphotriesters in Escherichia coli, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 80: 7380.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy, T.V., Karran, P., and Lindahl, T., 1984, Inducible repair of O-alkylated pyrimidines in Escherichia coli, EMBO J., 3: 545.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Montesano, R., Becker, R., Hall, J., Likhachev, A., Lu, S.H., Umbenhauer, D., and Wild, C.P., 1985, Repair of DNA alkylation adducts in mammalian cells, Biochimie., 67: 919.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, M.M., DeMarini, D.M., deSerres, F.J., and Tindall, K.R., 1988, Mammalian cell mutagenesis, Banbury Conference, Mutat. Res., 203: 69.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mori, T., Wani, A.A., D’Ambrosio, S.M., Chang, C.C., and Trosko, J.E., 1989, In situ pyrimidine dimer determination by laser cytometry, Photochem. Photobiol., 49: 523.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Myrnes, B., Giercksky, K.E., and Krokan, H., 1983, Interindividual variation in the activity of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase and uracil-DNA glycosylase in human organs, Carcinogenesis, 4: 1565.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakabeppu, Y., Kondo, H., Kawabata, S., Iwanaga, S., and Sekiguchi, M., 1985, Purification and structure of the intact Ada regulatory protein of Escherichia coli K12, O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, J. Biol. Chem., 260: 7281.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nehls, P., Rajewsky, M.F., Spiess, E., and Werner, D., 1984, Highly sensitive sites for guanine-O6-ethylation in rat brain DNA exposed to N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea in vivo, EMBO J., 3: 327.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nehls, P., and Rajewsky, M.F., 1985, Differential formation of O6-ethylguanine in the DNA of rat brain chromatin fibers of different folding levels exposed to N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea in vitro, Cancer Res., 45: 1378.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O’Connor, P.J., Saffhill, R., and Margison, G.P. 1979, N-Nitroso compounds: Biochemical mechanisms of action, In: “Environmental carcinogenesis, occurrence, risk evaluation and mechanisms,” P. Emmelot, and E. Kriek, eds., Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands, pp. 73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olsson, M., and Lindahl, T., 1980, Repair of alkylated DNA in Escherichia coli. Methyl group transfer from O6-methylguanine to a protein cysteine residue, J. Biol. Chem., 255: 10569.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perera, F.P., Hemminiki, K., Young, T.L., Brenner, D., Kelly, G., and Santella, R.M., 1988, Detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA adducts in white blood cells of foundry workers, Cancer Res., 48: 2288.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pienta, K.J., Partin, A.W., and Coffey, D.S., 1989, Cancer as a disease of DNA organization and dynamic cell structure, Cancer Res., 49: 2525.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Potter, P.M., Wilkinson, M.C., Fitton, J., Carr, F.J., Brennand, J., Cooper, D.P., and Margison, G.P., 1987, Characterization and nucleotide sequence of ogt, the O6-alkylguanine-DNA- alkyltransferase gene of E. coli, Nucleic. Acids. Res., 15: 9177.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Preston, B.D., Singer, B., and Loeb, L.A., 1986, Mutagenic potential of O4-methylthymine in vivo determined by an enzymatic approach to site-specific mutagenesis, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 83: 8501.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Preston, B.D., Singer, B., and Loeb, L.A., 1987, Comparison of the relative mutagenicities of O-alkylthymines site-specifically incorporated into phiX174 DNA, J. Biol. Chem., 262: 13821.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rajewsky, M.F., Augenlicht, L.H., Biessmann, H., Goth, R., Hulser, D.F., Laerum, O.D., and Lomakina, L.Y., 1977, In: “Origins of human cancer, Book B., Mechanisms of carcinogenesis,” H.H. Hiah, H.H. Watson, and J.A. Winsten, eds., New York Publishing Co., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rebeck, G.W., Coons, S., Carroll, P., and Samson, L., 1988, A second DNA methyltransferase repair enzyme in Escherichia coli, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 85: 3039.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richardson, F.C., Dyroff, M.C., Boucheron, J.A., and Swenberg, J.A., 1985, Differential repair of O4-alkylthymidine following exposure to methylating and ethylating hepatocarcinogens, Carcinogenesis, 6: 625.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richardson, K.K., Richardson, F.C., Crosby, R.M., Swenberg, J.A., and Skopek, T.R., 1987, DNA base changes and alkylation following in vivo exposure of Escherichia coli to N-methyl-N-nitrosourea or N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 84: 344.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saffhill, R., 1984, Differences in the promutagenic nature of 3-methylcytosine as revealed by DNA and RNA polymerising enzymes, Carcinogenesis, 5: 691.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saffhill, R., 1985, In vitro miscoding of alkylthymines with DNA and RNA polymerases, Chem. Biol. Interact., 53: 121.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saffhill, R., 1986, The competitive miscoding of O6-methylguanine and O6-ethylguanine and the possible importance of cellular deoxynucleoside 5′-triphosphate pool sizes in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis, Biochim. Biophvs. Acta, 866: 53.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saffhill, R., and Fox, M., 1980, The incorporation of O4-methylthymidine into V79 cell DNA when present in cell culture medium, Carcinogenesis, 1: 487.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saffhill, R., Margison, G.P., and O’Connor, P.J., 1985, Mechanisms of carcinogenesis induced by alkylating agents, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 823: 111.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sancar, A., and Sancar, G.B., 1988, DNA repair enzymes, Annu. Rev. Biochem., 57: 29.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scicchitano, D., Jones, R.A., Kuzmich, S., Gaffney, B., Lasko, D.D., Essigmann, J.M., and Pegg, A.E., 1986, Repair of oligodeoxynucleotides containing O6-methylguanine by O6-alkylguanine-DNA-alkyltransferase, Carcinogenesis, 7: 1383.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singer, B., 1984, Alkylation of the O6 of guanine is only one of many chemical events that may initiate carcinogenesis, Cancer Invest., 2: 233.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singer, B., 1986, O-Alkyl pyrimidines in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis: Occurrence and significance, Cancer Res., 46: 4879.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singer, B., Bodell, W.J., Cleaver, J.E., Thomas, G.H., Rajewsky, M.F., and Thon, W., 1978, Oxygens in DNA are main targets for ethylnitrosourea in normal and xeroderma pigmentosum fibroblasts and fetal rat brain cells, Nature, 276: 85.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singer, B., and Kroger, M., 1979, Participation of modified nucleosides in translation and transcription, Prog. Nucl. Acids Res. Mol. Biol., 23: 151.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singer, B., Spengler, S.J., and Bodell, W.J., 1981, Tissue-dependent enzyme-mediated repair or removal of O-ethylpyrimidines and ethylpurines in carcinogen-treated rats, Carcinogenesis, 6: 1069.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singer, B., Sagi, J., and Kusmierek, J.T., 1983, Escherichia coli polymerase I can use O2-methyldeoxythymidine or O4-methyldeoxy-thymidine in place of deoxythymidine in primed poly(dA-dT)poly(dA-dT) synthesis, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 80: 4884.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singer, B., Spengler, S.J., Chavez, F., Sagi, J., Kusmierek, J.T., Preston, B.D., and Loeb, L.A., 1987, O-Alkyl deoxythymidines are recognized by DNA polymerase I as deoxythymidine or deoxycytidine, IARC Sci. Publ., 37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sun, L., and Singer, B., 1975, The specificity of different classes of ethylating agents toward various sites of HeLa cell DNA in vitro and in vivo, Biochemistry, 14: 1795.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swenberg, J.A., Bedell, M.A., Billings, K.C., Umbenhauer, D.R., and Pegg, A.E., 1982, Cell-specific differences in O6-alkylguanine DNA repair activity during continuous exposure to carcinogen, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 79: 5499.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swenberg, J.A., Dyroff, M.C., Bedell, M.A., Popp, J.A., Huh, N., Kirstein, U., and Rajewsky, M.F., 1984, O6-Ethyldeoxythymidine, but not O6-ethyldeoxyguanosine, accumulates in hepatocyte DNA of rats exposed continuously to diethylnitrosamine, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 81: 1692.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swenberg, J.A., Richardson, F.C., Boucheron, J.A., and Dyroff, M.C., 1985, Relationships between DNA adduct formation and carcinogenesis, Environ. Health Perspect., 62: 177.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Umbenhauer, D., Wild, C.P., Montesano, R., Saffhill, R., Boyle, J.M., Huh, N., Kirstein, U., Thomale, J., Rajewsky, M.F., and Lu, S.H., 1985, O6-Methyldeoxyguanosine in oesophageal DNA among individuals at high risk of oesophageal cancer, Int. J. Cancer, 36: 661.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Voigt, J.M., Van Houten, B., Sancar, A., and Topal, M.D., 1989, Repair of O6-methylguanine by ABC excinuclease of Escherichia coli in vitro, J. Biol. Chem., 264: 5172.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wani, A., Gibson-D’Ambrosio, R.E., and D’Ambrosio, S.M., 1984, Quantitation of O6-ethylguanosine in ENU alkylated DNA by polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, Carcinogenesis, 5: 1145.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wani, A.A., Wani, G., and D’Ambrosio, S.M., 1985, Repair of DNA O-alkylation damage by various human organs, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 133: 589.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wani, A.A., and D’Ambrosio, S.M., 1987a, Immunological quantitation of O6-ethylthymidine in alkylated DNA: repair of minor miscoding base in human cells, Carcinogenesis, 8: 1137.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wani, A.A., D’Ambrosio, S.M., and Alvi, N.K., 1987b, Quantitation of Pyrimidine Dimers by Immunoslot Blot Following Sublethal UV-Irradiation of Human Cells, Photochem. Photobiol., 46: 477.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wani, G., Wani, A.A., Gibson-D’Ambrosio, R.E., Samuel, M., Lowder, E., and D’Ambrosio, S.M., 1989, Absence of a DNA damage-mediated induction of human methyltransferase specific for precarcinogenic O6-methylguanine, Teratogen. Carcinogen. Mutagen., 8: (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wild, C.P., Umbenhauer, D., Chapot, B., and Montesano, R., 1986, Monitoring of individual human exposure to aflatoxins (AF) and N-nitrosamines (NNO) by immunoassays, J. Cell Biochem., 30: 171.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yarosh, D.B., Fornace, A.J., and Day, R.S., 3rd., 1985, Human O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase fails to repair O4-methylthymine and methyl phosphotriesters in DNA as efficiently as does the alkyltransferase from Escherichia coli. Carcinogenesis, 6: 949.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yarosh, D.B., Hurst-Calderone, S., Babich, M.A., and Day, R.S., 3rd., 1986, Inactivation of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase and sensitization of human tumor cells to killing by chloroethylnitrosourea by O6-methylguanine as a free base, Cancer Res., 46: 1663.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yu, H., Harris, R.E., Kabat, G.C., and Wynder, E.L., 1988, Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and primary liver cancer: A case-control study in the USA, Int. J. Cancer, 42: 325.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yuspa, S.H., Kilkenny, A.E., Roop, D.R., Strickland, J.E., Tucker, R., Hennings, H., and Jaken, S., 1989, Consequences of exposure to initiating levels of carcinogens in vitro and in vivo: Altered differentiation and growth, mutations, and transformation, Prog. Clin. Biol. Res., 298: 127.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA

    Altaf A. Wani, Gulzar Wani & Steven M. D’Ambrosio

Authors
  1. Altaf A. Wani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Gulzar Wani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Steven M. D’Ambrosio
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA

    Betsy M. Sutherland  & Avril D. Woodhead  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1990 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Wani, A.A., Wani, G., D’Ambrosio, S.M. (1990). Repair of O4-Alkylthymine Damage in Human Cells. In: Sutherland, B.M., Woodhead, A.D. (eds) DNA Damage and Repair in Human Tissues. Basic Life Sciences, vol 53. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0637-5_32

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0637-5_32

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7903-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-0637-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation