Skip to main content

Assay of Endocannabinoid Oxidation by Cytochrome P450

  • Protocol
  • First Online:
Endocannabinoid Signaling

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 2576))

  • 1049 Accesses

Abstract

Cytochrome P450 enzymes are a large family of heme-containing proteins that have important functions in the biotransformation of xenobiotics, including pharmacologic and environmental agents, as well as endogenously produced chemicals with broad structural and functional diversity. Anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) are substrates for P450s expressed in multiple tissues, leading to the production of a diverse set of mono- and di-oxygenated metabolites. This chapter describes tools and methods that have been used to identify major endocannabinoid metabolizing P450s and their corresponding products using subcellular tissue fractions, cultured cells, and purified recombinant enzymes in a reconstituted system.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Snider NT, Walker VJ, Hollenberg PF (2010) Oxidation of the endogenous cannabinoid arachidonoyl ethanolamide by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenases: physiological and pharmacological implications. Pharmacol Rev 62(1):136–154

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Zelasko S, Arnold WR, Das A (2015) Endocannabinoid metabolism by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 116-117:112–123

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Rouzer CA, Marnett LJ (2011) Endocannabinoid oxygenation by cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, and cytochromes P450: cross-talk between the eicosanoid and endocannabinoid signaling pathways. Chem Rev 111(10):5899–5921

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Sridar C, Snider NT, Hollenberg PF (2011) Anandamide oxidation by wild-type and polymorphically expressed CYP2B6 and CYP2D6. Drug Metab Dispos 39(5):782–788

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Snider NT, Sikora MJ, Sridar C, Feuerstein TJ, Rae JM, Hollenberg PF (2008) The endocannabinoid anandamide is a substrate for the human polymorphic cytochrome P450 2D6. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 327(2):538–545

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Snider NT, Kornilov AM, Kent UM, Hollenberg PF (2007) Anandamide metabolism by human liver and kidney microsomal cytochrome p450 enzymes to form hydroxyeicosatetraenoic and epoxyeicosatrienoic acid ethanolamides. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 321(2):590–597

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. McDougle DR, Kambalyal A, Meling DD, Das A (2014) Endocannabinoids anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol are substrates for human CYP2J2 epoxygenase. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 351(3):616–627

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Stark K, Dostalek M, Guengerich FP (2008) Expression and purification of orphan cytochrome P450 4X1 and oxidation of anandamide. FEBS J 275(14):3706–3717

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Bornheim LM, Kim KY, Chen B, Correia MA (1995) Microsomal cytochrome P450-mediated liver and brain anandamide metabolism. Biochem Pharmacol 50(5):677–686

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Walker VJ, Griffin AP, Hammar DK, Hollenberg PF (2016) Metabolism of anandamide by human cytochrome P450 2J2 in the reconstituted system and human intestinal microsomes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 357(3):537–544

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Rand AA, Helmer PO, Inceoglu B, Hammock BD, Morisseau C (2018) LC-MS/MS analysis of the epoxides and diols derived from the endocannabinoid arachidonoyl ethanolamide. Methods Mol Biol (Clifton, NJ) 1730:123

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Snider NT, Nast JA, Tesmer LA, Hollenberg PF (2009) A cytochrome P450-derived epoxygenated metabolite of anandamide is a potent cannabinoid receptor 2-selective agonist. Mol Pharmacol 75(4):965–972

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Chen JK, Chen J, Imig JD, Wei S, Hachey DL, Guthi JS et al (2008) Identification of novel endogenous cytochrome p450 arachidonate metabolites with high affinity for cannabinoid receptors. J Biol Chem 283(36):24514–24524

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Chen J, Chen JK, Falck JR, Guthi JS, Anjaiah S, Capdevila JH et al (2007) Mitogenic activity and signaling mechanism of 2-(14,15- epoxyeicosatrienoyl)glycerol, a novel cytochrome p450 arachidonate metabolite. Mol Cell Biol 27(8):3023–3034

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Dempsey SK, Gesseck AM, Ahmad A, Daneva Z, Ritter JK, Poklis JL (2019) Formation of HETE-EAs and dihydroxy derivatives in mouse kidney tissue and analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B 1126:121748

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Watson JE, Kim JS, Das A (2019) Emerging class of omega-3 fatty acid endocannabinoids & their derivatives. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 143:106337

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. McDougle DR, Watson JE, Abdeen AA, Adili R, Caputo MP, Krapf JE et al (2017) Anti-inflammatory ω-3 endocannabinoid epoxides. Proc Natl Acad Sci U.SA 114(30):E6034–E6043

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Jia L, Liu X (2007) The conduct of drug metabolism studies considered good practice (II): in vitro experiments. Curr Drug Metab 8(8):822–829

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Dutheil F, Dauchy S, Diry M, Sazdovitch V, Cloarec O, Mellottee L et al (2009) Xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in the normal human brain: regional and cellular mapping as a basis for putative roles in cerebral function. Drug Metab Dispos 37(7):1528–1538

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Guguen-Guillouzo C, Guillouzo A (2010) General review on in vitro hepatocyte models and their applications. Methods Mol Biol 640:1–40

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Corbett JL, Duncan SA (2019) iPSC-derived hepatocytes as a platform for disease modeling and drug discovery. Front Med 6:265

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Prior N, Inacio P, Huch M (2019) Liver organoids: from basic research to therapeutic applications. Gut 68(12):2228–2237

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Pearce RE, McIntyre CJ, Madan A, Sanzgiri U, Draper AJ, Bullock PL et al (1996) Effects of freezing, thawing, and storing human liver microsomes on cytochrome P450 activity. Arch Biochem Biophys 331(2):145–169

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health Grants CA16954, GM007767 and DK110355.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Natasha T. Snider .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

About this protocol

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this protocol

Snider, N.T., Hollenberg, P.F. (2023). Assay of Endocannabinoid Oxidation by Cytochrome P450. In: Maccarrone, M. (eds) Endocannabinoid Signaling. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2576. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2728-0_27

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2728-0_27

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-2727-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-2728-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics