Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) plays an expanding role in the label-free spatial mapping of hundreds of molecules simultaneously. Currently, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) is among the most widely adopted MSI techniques. However, matrix application can impact the fidelity of spatial distributions, and matrix selection and related spectral interferences in the low mass range can lead to biased molecular coverage. Nanophotonic ionization from silicon nanopost arrays (NAPA) is an emerging matrix-free MSI platform with enhanced sensitivity for several molecular classes, for example, neutral lipids and biooligomers. Here, we describe a protocol with minimal sample preparation for NAPA-MSI of metabolites, lipids, and biooligomers from biological tissues.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Samarah LZ, Vertes A (2020) Mass spectrometry imaging based on laser desorption ionization from inorganic and nanophotonic platforms. VIEW 1(4):20200063. https://doi.org/10.1002/VIW.20200063
Buchberger AR, DeLaney K, Johnson J, Li LJ (2018) Mass spectrometry imaging: a review of emerging advancements and future insights. Anal Chem 90(1):240–265. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04733
Morris NJ, Anderson H, Thibeault B, Vertes A, Powell MJ, Razunguzwa TT (2015) Laser desorption ionization (LDI) silicon nanopost array chips fabricated using deep UV projection lithography and deep reactive ion etching. RSC Adv 5(88):72051–72057. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ra11875a
Shanta SR, Kim TY, Hong JH, Lee JH, Shin CY, Kim KH, Kim YH, Kim SK, Kim KP (2012) A new combination MALDI matrix for small molecule analysis: application to imaging mass spectrometry for drugs and metabolites. Analyst 137(24):5757–5762. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2an35782h
Dreisewerd K (2003) The desorption process in MALDI. Chem Rev 103(2):395–425. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr010375i
Garden RW, Sweedler JV (2000) Heterogeneity within MALDI samples as revealed by mass spectrometric imaging. Anal Chem 72(1):30–36. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac9908997
Lai YH, Cai YH, Lee H, Ou YM, Hsiao CH, Tsao CW, Chang HT, Wang YS (2016) Reducing spatial heterogeneity of MALDI samples with Marangoni flows during sample preparation. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 27(8):1314–1321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13361-016-1406-0
Kinumi T, Saisu T, Takayama M, Niwa H (2000) Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry using an inorganic particle matrix for small molecule analysis. J Mass Spectrom 35(3):417–422. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9888(200003)35:3<417::Aid-jms952>3.0.Co;2-#
Northen TR, Yanes O, Northen MT, Marrinucci D, Uritboonthai W, Apon J, Golledge SL, Nordstrom A, Siuzdak G (2007) Clathrate nanostructures for mass spectrometry. Nature 449(7165):1033–1036. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06195
Shen ZX, Thomas JJ, Averbuj C, Broo KM, Engelhard M, Crowell JE, Finn MG, Siuzdak G (2001) Porous silicon as a versatile platform for laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 73(3):612–619. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac000746f
Wei J, Buriak JM, Siuzdak G (1999) Desorption-ionization mass spectrometry on porous silicon. Nature 399(6733):243–246. https://doi.org/10.1038/20400
Xu SY, Li YF, Zou HF, Qiu JS, Guo Z, Guo BC (2003) Carbon nanotubes as assisted matrix for laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 75(22):6191–6195. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac0345695
Walker BN, Razunguzwa T, Powell M, Knochenmuss R, Vertes A (2009) Nanophotonic ion production from silicon microcolumn arrays. Angew Chem Int Ed 48(9):1669–1672. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200805114
Walker BN, Stolee JA, Vertes A (2012) Nanophotonic ionization for ultratrace and single-cell analysis by mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 84(18):7756–7762. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac301238k
Walker BN, Stolee JA, Pickel DL, Retterer ST, Vertes A (2010) Tailored silicon nanopost arrays for resonant nanophotonic ion production. J Phys Chem C 114(11):4835–4840. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9110103
Huang L, Wan JJ, Wei X, Liu Y, Huang JY, Sun XM, Zhang R, Gurav DD, Vedarethinam V, Li Y, Chen RP, Qian K (2017) Plasmonic silver nanoshells for drug and metabolite detection. Nat Commun 8:220. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-00220-4
Su HY, Liu TT, Huang L, Huang JY, Cao J, Yang HQ, Ye J, Liu J, Qian K (2018) Plasmonic Janus hybrids for the detection of small metabolites. J Mater Chem B 6(44):7280–7287. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8tb01587b
Takats Z, Wiseman JM, Gologan B, Cooks RG (2004) Mass spectrometry sampling under ambient conditions with desorption electrospray ionization. Science 306(5695):471–473. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1104404
Nemes P, Vertes A (2007) Laser ablation electrospray ionization for atmospheric pressure, in vivo, and imaging mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 79(21):8098–8106. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac071181r
Haapala M, Pol J, Saarela V, Arvola V, Kotiaho T, Ketola RA, Franssila S, Kauppila TJ, Kostiainen R (2007) Desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization. Anal Chem 79(20):7867–7872. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac071152g
Stopka SA, Rong C, Korte AR, Yadavilli S, Nazarian J, Razunguzwa TT, Morris NJ, Vertes A (2016) Molecular imaging of biological samples on nanophotonic laser desorption ionization platforms. Angew Chem Int Ed 55(14):4482–4486. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201511691
Fincher JA, Korte AR, Dyer JE, Yadavilli S, Morris NJ, Jones DR, Shanmugam VK, Pirlo RK, Vertes A (2020) Mass spectrometry imaging of triglycerides in biological tissues by laser desorption ionization from silicon nanopost arrays. J Mass Spectrom 55(4):e4443. https://doi.org/10.1002/jms.4443
Samarah LZ, Tran TH, Stacey G, Vertes A (2021) Mass spectrometry imaging of biooligomer polydispersity in plant tissues by laser desorption ionization from silicon nanopost arrays. Angew Chem Int Ed 60(16):9071–9077. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202015251
Feenstra AD, O’Neill KC, Yagnik GB, Lee YJ (2016) Organic-inorganic binary mixture matrix for comprehensive laser-desorption ionization mass spectrometric analysis and imaging of medium-size molecules including phospholipids, glycerolipids, and oligosaccharides. RSC Adv 6(101):99260–99268. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ra20469d
Nozaki K, Nakabayashi Y, Murakami T, Miyazato A, Osaka I (2019) Novel approach to enhance sensitivity in surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging using deposited organic-inorganic hybrid matrices. J Mass Spectrom 54(7):612–619. https://doi.org/10.1002/jms.4370
Fincher JA, Korte AR, Yadavilli S, Morris NJ, Vertes A (2020) Multimodal imaging of biological tissues using combined MALDI and NAPA-LDI mass spectrometry for enhanced molecular coverage. Analyst 145(21):6910–6918. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0an00836b
Samarah LZ, Tran TH, Stacey G, Vertes A (2020) In vivo chemical analysis of plant sap from the xylem and single parenchymal cells by capillary microsampling electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 92(10):7299–7306. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00939
Stopka SA, Agtuca BJ, Koppenaal DW, Pasa-Tolic L, Stacey G, Vertes A, Anderton CR (2017) Laser-ablation electrospray ionization mass spectrometry with ion mobility separation reveals metabolites in the symbiotic interactions of soybean roots and rhizobia. Plant J 91(2):340–354. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.13569
Agtuca BJ, Stopka SA, Evans S, Samarah L, Liu Y, Xu D, Stacey MG, Koppenaal DW, Pasa-Tolic L, Anderton CR, Vertes A, Stacey G (2020) Metabolomic profiling of wild-type and mutant soybean root nodules using laser-ablation electrospray ionization mass spectrometry reveals altered metabolism. Plant J 103(5):1937–1958. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.14815
Essigmann B, Guler S, Narang RA, Linke D, Benning C (1998) Phosphate availability affects the thylakoid lipid composition and the expression of SQD1, a gene required for sulfolipid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95(4):1950–1955. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.4.1950
Alves LPS, do Amaral FP, Kim D, Bom MT, Gavidia MP, Teixeira CS, Holthman F, Pedrosa FD, de Souza EM, Chubatsu LS, Muller-Santos M, Stacey G (2019) Importance of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate metabolism to the ability of Herbaspirillum seropedicae to promote plant growth. Appl Environ Microbiol 85(6):e02586–e02518. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.02586-18
Acknowledgments
This work is supported by the US National Science Foundation, Plant Genome Program under grant no. IoS-1734145.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Samarah, L.Z., Vertes, A. (2022). Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Biological Tissues by Laser Desorption Ionization from Silicon Nanopost Arrays. In: Lee, YJ. (eds) Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Small Molecules. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2437. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2030-4_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2030-4_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-2029-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-2030-4
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols