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Ewing’s Sarcoma Family of Tumors: Molecular Targets Need Arrows

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Molecularly Targeted Therapy for Childhood Cancer

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Abstract

Ewing’s Sarcoma Family of Tumors (ESFT) are highly malignant tumors of bone and soft tissue that occur in children, adolescents, and young adults (Arndt and Crist 1999; Toretsky 2003). Currently, the standard therapy for ESFT patients is a five-drug regimen that consists of alternating cycles of doxorubicin/vincristine/cyclophosphamide and etoposide/ifosfamide over the course of approximately 9 months. Side effects include nausea, vomiting, and severe hematologic cytopenias, and patients often develop life-threatening infections while receiving chemotherapy. Patients who present with localized ESFT have approximately 70% disease-free survival. Patients who present with metastatic ESFT have a poor prognosis, reporting only 20% disease-free survival despite receiving intensive therapy (Grier et al. 2003). These clinical response rates have persisted for the past decade, even after patients received dose-intensifying chemotherapy and bone-marrow transplantation. Current treatment-related morbidity includes cardiac, musculoskeletal, and second malignancies (Fuchs et al. 2003). We need to discover novel therapeutic approaches to reduce treatment-related morbidity as well as improve overall survival. Novel therapies should exploit tumor vulnerability based on ESFT ontogeny, oncogenesis, and tumor-maintenance pathways.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Audrey Kubetin for her skillful assistance with this manuscript.

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  1. Departments of Oncology and Pediatrics, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Rd. N.W., Washington, DC, 20057-1469, USA

    Jeffrey A. Toretsky

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  1. Jeffrey A. Toretsky
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  2. Aykut Üren
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Correspondence to Jeffrey A. Toretsky .

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  1. Director, Center for Childhood Cancer, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Research Institute, 700 Children’s Drive 332, Columbus, 43205, Ohio, USA

    Peter J. Houghton

  2. Johns Hopkins The Bunting & Blaustein Ca, Medicine Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Cen, Orleans Street 1650, Baltimore, 21231, Maryland, USA

    Robert J. Arceci

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Toretsky, J.A., Üren, A. (2010). Ewing’s Sarcoma Family of Tumors: Molecular Targets Need Arrows. In: Houghton, P., Arceci, R. (eds) Molecularly Targeted Therapy for Childhood Cancer. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-69062-9_18

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