Titanium dioxide (TiO2, titania) is a widely abundant and inexpensive material. In bulk form it is produced as a white powder and it is the most widely used white pigment because of its brightness and very high refractive index (n=2.4). Applications include filler pigment in paints, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, food products (such as E171, e.g., white lettering on M&Ms) and toothpaste. When deposited as a thin film, its refractive index and color make it an excellent reflective optical coating for dielectric mirrors.
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(2007). Titanium Dioxide Coatings in Medical Device Applications. In: Jackson, M.J., Ahmed, W. (eds) Surface Engineered Surgical Tools and Medical Devices. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-27028-9_3
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