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Agrobacterium Biology pp 261–286Cite as

Real-Time Trafficking of Agrobacterium Virulence Protein VirE2 Inside Host Cells

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Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 418))

Abstract

A. tumefaciens delivers T-DNA and virulence proteins, including VirE2, into host plant cells, where T-DNA is proposed to be protected by VirE2 molecules as a nucleoprotein complex (T-complex) and trafficked into the nucleus. VirE2 is a protein that can self-aggregate and contains targeting sequences so that it can efficiently move from outside of a cell to the nucleus. We adopted a split-GFP approach and generated a VirE2-GFP fusion which retains the self-aggregating property and the targeting sequences. The fusion protein is fully functional and can move inside cells in real time in a readily detectable format: fluorescent and unique filamentous aggregates. Upon delivery mediated by the bacterial type IV secretion system (T4SS), VirE2-GFP is internalized into the plant cells via clathrin adaptor complex AP2-mediated endocytosis. Subsequently, VirE2-GFP binds to membrane structures such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is trafficked within the cell. This enables us to observe the highly dynamic activities of the cell. If a compound, a gene, or a condition affects the cell, the cellular dynamics shown by the VirE2-GFP will be affected and thus readily observed by confocal microscopy. This represents an excellent model to study the delivery and trafficking of an exogenously produced and delivered protein inside a cell in a natural setting in real time. The model may be used to explore the theoretical and applied aspects of natural protein delivery and targeting.

Haitao Tu, Xiaoyang Li, Qinghua Yang, These authors contributed equally.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge grant supports from Singapore Ministry of Education (R-154-000-588-112 and R-154-000-685-112) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31700118).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan Institute of Molecular Bio-Engineering, Foshan University, 528000, Foshan, China

    Haitao Tu

  2. Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore, Singapore

    Xiaoyang Li, Qinghua Yang, Ling Peng & Shen Q. Pan

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  1. Haitao Tu
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  2. Xiaoyang Li
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Correspondence to Shen Q. Pan .

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  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA

    Stanton B. Gelvin

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Tu, H., Li, X., Yang, Q., Peng, L., Pan, S.Q. (2018). Real-Time Trafficking of Agrobacterium Virulence Protein VirE2 Inside Host Cells. In: Gelvin, S. (eds) Agrobacterium Biology. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 418. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2018_131

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