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Functional Long Non-coding RNAs in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

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Long Non-coding RNAs in Human Disease

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Abstract

Increasing evidence shows that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are not “transcriptional noise” but function in a myriad of biological processes. As such, this rapidly growing class of RNAs is important in both development and disease. Vascular smooth muscle cells are integral cells of the blood vessel wall. They are responsible for relaxation and contraction of the blood vessel and respond to hemodynamic as well as environmental signals to regulate blood pressure. Pathophysiological changes to these cells such as hyperproliferation, hypertrophy, migration, and inflammation contribute to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as restenosis, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in these pathophysiological changes to VSMCs is paramount to developing therapeutic treatments for various cardiovascular disorders. Recent studies have shown that lncRNAs are key players in the regulation of VSMC functions and phenotype and, perhaps also, in the development of VSMC-related diseases. This chapter describes our current understanding of the functions of lncRNAs in VSMCs. It highlights the emerging role of lncRNAs in VSMC proliferation and apoptosis, their role in contractile and migratory phenotype of VSMCs, and their potential role in VSMC disease states.

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Abbreviations

VSMCs:

Vascular smooth muscle cells

Ang II:

Angiotensin II

lncRNA:

Long non-coding RNA

miRNA:

microRNA

CVDs:

Cardiovascular diseases

HCASMCs:

Human coronary artery smooth muscle cells.

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Acknowledgments

We gratefully acknowledge funding from the National Institutes of Health, NHLBI and NIDDK (R01 HL106089 (RN), R01 DK 065073 (RN), T32DK007571 (to AL), and K01 DK104993 (AL)). The authors thank Dustin Schones for critically reading this manuscript.

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  1. Department of Diabetes Complications and the Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA

    Amy Leung, Kenneth Stapleton & Rama Natarajan

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  1. Amy Leung
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  2. Kenneth Stapleton
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  3. Rama Natarajan
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Correspondence to Rama Natarajan .

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  1. City of Hope - Beckman Research Institute, Center for Gene Therapy City of Hope-Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, USA

    Kevin V. Morris

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Leung, A., Stapleton, K., Natarajan, R. (2015). Functional Long Non-coding RNAs in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. In: Morris, K. (eds) Long Non-coding RNAs in Human Disease. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 394. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2015_441

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