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Cellular Entry of Polyomaviruses

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Cell Entry by Non-Enveloped Viruses

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 343))

Abstract

Polyomaviruses (Pys) are nonenveloped DNA tumor viruses that include the murine polyomavirus (mPy), simian virus 40 (SV40), and the human BK, JC, KI, WU, and Merkel Cell viruses. To cause infection, Pys must enter host cells and navigate through various intracellular compartments, where they undergo sequential conformational changes enabling them to uncoat and deliver the DNA genome into the nucleus. The ensuing transcription and replication of the genome leads to lytic infection or cell transformation. In recent years, a more coherent understanding of how Pys are transported from the plasma membrane to the nucleus is starting to emerge. This review will focus on the decisive steps of Py entry, including engagement of the host cell receptor, targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), penetration across the ER membrane, nuclear entry, and genome release. Strikingly, a number of these steps resemble the intoxication pathway of the AB5 bacterial toxins. Thus, as Pys and bacterial toxins hijack similar cellular machineries during infection, a general principle appears to guide their entry into host cells.

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Abbreviations

CT:

Cholera toxin

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

mPy:

Murine polyomavirus

PDI:

Protein disulfide isomerase

Pys:

Polyomaviruses

SV40:

Simian virus 40

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Acknowledgments

We thank Drs. Emily Rainey-Barger and Mike Imperiale for critical review of this manuscript. We apologize for not citing the work of many colleagues due to space constraints.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Rm 3043, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA

    Billy Tsai & Mengding Qian

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  1. Billy Tsai
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  2. Mengding Qian
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Correspondence to Billy Tsai .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. Molecular Biology, Scripps Research Institute, N. Torrey Pines Rd. 10550, La Jolla, 92037, California, USA

    John E. Johnson

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Tsai, B., Qian, M. (2010). Cellular Entry of Polyomaviruses. In: Johnson, J. (eds) Cell Entry by Non-Enveloped Viruses. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 343. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2010_38

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