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Chromogranins A and B and Secretogranin II as Prohormones for Regulatory Peptides from the Diffuse Neuroendocrine System

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Book cover Cellular Peptide Hormone Synthesis and Secretory Pathways

Part of the book series: Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation ((RESULTS,volume 50))

Abstract

Chromogranin A (CgA), chromogranin B (CgB), and secretogranin II (SgII) belong to a family of uniquely acidic secretory proteins in elements of the diffuse neuroendocrine system. These “granins” are characterized by numerous pairs of basic amino acids as potential sites for intra- and extragranular processing. In response to adequate stimuli, the granins are coreleased with neurotransmitters and hormones and appear in the circulation as potential modulators of homeostatic processes. This review is directed towards functional aspects of the secreted CgA, CgB, and SgII and their biologically active sequences. Widely different effects and targets have been reported for granin-derived peptides. So far, the CgA peptides vasostatin-I, pancreastatin, and catestatin, the CgB peptides CgB1–41 and secretolytin, and the SgII peptide secretoneurin are the most likely candidates for granin-derived regulatory peptides. Most of their effects fit into patterns of direct or indirect modulations of major functions, in particular associated with inflammatory conditions.

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Acknowledgements

The author is greatly indebted to The Tordis and Fritz Riebers Legacy, Bergen, Norway, for financial support.

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  1. Department of Biomedicine, Division of Physiology, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009, Bergen, Norway

    Karen B. Helle

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  1. Karen B. Helle
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Correspondence to Karen B. Helle .

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  1. Rigshospitalet, Koebenhavns Universitet, Blegdamsvej 9, Koebenhavn, 2100, Denmark

    Jens F. Rehfeld

  2. Rigshospitalet, Koebenhavns Universitet, Blegdamsvej 9, Koebenhavn OE, 2100, Denmark

    Jens R. Bundgaard

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Helle, K.B. (2010). Chromogranins A and B and Secretogranin II as Prohormones for Regulatory Peptides from the Diffuse Neuroendocrine System. In: Rehfeld, J., Bundgaard, J. (eds) Cellular Peptide Hormone Synthesis and Secretory Pathways. Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation, vol 50. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/400_2009_26

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