Abstract
Nanotube theoretical and experimental research has developed very rapidly over the last seven years, following the bulk production of C60 and structural identification of carbon nanotubes in soot deposits formed during plasma arc experiments. This review summarises achievements in nanotube technology, in particular various routes to carbon nanotubes and their remarkable mechanical and conducting properties. The creation of novel nanotubules, nanowires and nanorods containing other elements such as B, N, Si, O, Mo, S and W is also reviewed. These advances are paving the way to nanoscale technology and promise to provide a wide spectrum of applications.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Endo M, Kroto HW (1992) J Phys Chem 96:6491
Iijima S (1991) Nature 56:354
Ebbesen TW, Ajayan PM (1992) Nature 358:220
Iijima S, Ajayan PM, Ichihashi T (1992) Phys Rev Lett 69:3100
Iijima S (1993) Mat Sci Eng B 19:172
Ajayan PM, Iijima S, Ichihashi T (1993) Phys Rev B 47:6859
Zhang XF, Zhang XB, Van Tendeloo G, Amelinckx S, Op de Beck M, Van Landuyt J (1993) J Cryst Growth 130:368
Ebbesen TW (1994) Annu Rev Mater Sci 24:235
Endo M, Takeuchi K, Igarashi S, Kobori K, Shiraishi M, Kroto H W (1993) J Phys Chem Solids 54:1841
Amelinckx S, Zhang XB, Bernaerts D, Zhang XF, Ivanov V, Nagy JB (1994) Science 265:635
Bernaerts D, Zhang XB, Zhang XF, Amelinckx S, Van Tendeloo G, Van Landuyt J, Ivanov V, Nagy JB (1995) Phil Mag A 71:605
Guo T, Nikoleav P, Rinzler AG, Tománek D, Colbert DT, Smalley RE (1995) J Phys Chem 99:10,694
Thess A, Lee R, Nikolaev P, Dai H, Petit P, Robert J, Xu C, Lee YH, Kim SG, Rinzler AG, Colbert DT, Scuseria GE, Tománek D, Fischer JE, Smalley RE (1996) Science 273:483
Hsu WK, Hare JP, Terrones M, Harris PFJ, Kroto HW, Walton DRM (1995) Nature 377:687
Hsu WK, Terrones M, Hare JP, Terrones H, Kroto HW, Walton DRM (1996) Chem Phys Lett 261:161
Hamada N, Sawada S, Oshiyama A (1992) Phys Rev Lett 68:1579
Saito R, Fujita M, Dresselhaus G, Dresselhaus MS (1992) Phys Rev B 46:1804
De Heer WA, Chatelain A, Ugarte D (1995) Science 270:1179
Terrones M, Hsu WK, Schilder A, Terrones H, Grobert N, Hare JP, Zhu YQ, Schwoerer M, Prassides K, Kroto HW, Walton DRM (1998) Appl Phys A 66:307
Dai H, Wong EW, Lieber CM (1996) Science 272:52
Ebbesen TW, Lezec HJ, Hiura H, Bennett JW, Ghaemi HF, Thio T (1996) Nature 382:54
Wildöer JWG, Venema LC, Rinzler AG, Smalley RE, Dekker C (1998) Nature 391:59
Odom TW, Huang JL, Kim P, Lieber CM (1998) Nature 391:62
Treacy M, Ebbesen TW, Gibson JM (1996) Nature 381:678
Wong EW, Sheehan PE, Lieber CM (1997) Science 277:1971
Falvo M R, Clary GJ, Taylor RM II, Chi V, Brooks FP Jr, Washburn S, Superfine R (1997) Nature 389:582
Heath JR, O’Brien SC, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Curl RF, Kroto HW, Tittel FK, Smalley RE (1985) J Am Chem Soc 107:7779
O’Brien SC, Heath JR, Curl RF, Smalley RE (1988) J Chem Phys 88:220
Ajayan PM, Iijima S (1993) Nature 361:333
Ajayan PM, Ebbesen TW, Ichihashi T, Iijima S, Tanigaki K (1993) Nature 362:522
Dujardin E, Ebbesen TW, Hiura H, Tanigaki K (1994) Science 265:1850
Blase X, Rubio A, Louie SG, Cohen ML (1994) Europhys Lett 28:335
Miyamoto Y, Rubio A, Cohen ML, Louie SG (1994) Phys Rev B 50:4976
Miyamoto Y, Rubio A, Cohen ML, Louie SG (1994) Phys Rev B 50:18,360
Chopra NG, Luyken RJ, Cherrey K, Crespi VH, Cohen ML, Louie SG, Zettl A (1995) Science 269:966
Terrones M, Hsu WK, Terrones H, Zhang JP, Ramos S, Hare JP, Castillo R, Prassides K, Cheetham AK, Kroto HW, Walton DRM (1996) Chem Phys Lett 259:568
Loiseau A, Willaime F, Demoncy N, Hug G, Pascard H (1996) Phys Rev Lett 76:4737
Stephan O, Ajayan PM, Colliex C, Redlich Ph, Lambert JM, Bernier PM, Lefin P (1994) Science 266:1683
Redlich Ph, Loeffler J, Ajayan PM, Bill J, Aldinger F, Rühle M (1996) Chem Phys Lett 260:465
Wengsieh, Z, Cherrey K, Chopra NG, Blase X, Miyamoto Y, Rubio A, Cohen ML, Louie SG, Zettl A, Gronsky AR (1995) Phys Rev B 51:11,299
Terrones M, Benito AM, Manteca-Diego C, Hsu WK, Osman OI, Hare JP, Reid DG, Terrones H, Cheetham AK, Prassides K, Kroto HW, Walton DRM (1996) Chem Phys Lett 257:576
Terrones M, Hsu WK, Ramos S, Castillo R, Terrones H (1998) Full Sci Tech 6:787
Margulis L, Saltra G, Tenne R, Tallanker M (1993) Nature 365:113
Tenne R, Margulis L, Genut M, Hodes G (1992) Nature 360:444
Homyonfer M (1997) private communication
Kaner RB, Kouvetakis J, Warble CE, Sattler ML, Bartlett N (1986) Mat Res Bull 22: 399
Kouvetakis J, Kaner RB, Sattler ML, Bartlett N (1986) Chem Soc Chem Commun 1758
Gadd GE, Blackford M, Moricca S, Webb N, Evans PJ, Smith AM, Jacobsen G, Leung S, Day A, Hua Q (1997) Science 277:933
Dillon AC, Jones KM, Bekkedahl TA, Kiang CH, Bethune DS, Heben MJ (1997) Nature 386:377
Dai HJ, Hafner JH, Rinzler AG, Colbert DT, Smalley RE (1996) Nature 384:147
de Heer WA, Chatelain A, Ugarte D (1995) Science 270:1179
Rinzler AG, Hafner JH, Nikolaev P, Lou L, Kim SG, Tománek D, Nordlander P, Colbert DT, Smalley RE (1995) Science 269:1550
Collins PG, Zettl A (1996) Appl Phys Lett 69:1969
Saito Y, Hamaguchi K, Hata K, Uchida K, Tasaka Y, Ikazaki F, Yumura M, Kasuya A, Nishima Y (1997) Nature 389:555
Niu C, Sichel EK, Hoch R, Moy D, Tennent H (1997) Appl Phys Lett 70:1480
Britto PJ, Santhanam KSV, Ajayan PM (1996) Bioelectrochem Bioenergetics 41:121
Dai H, Wong EW, Lu YZ, Fan S, Lieber CM (1995) Nature 375:769
Han W, Fan S, Li Q, Hu Y (1997) Science 277:1287
Saito R, Fujita M, Dresselhaus G, Dresselhaus MS (1992) Phys Rev B 46:1804
Saito R, Fujita M, Dresselhaus G, Dresselhaus MS (1992) Appl Phys Lett 60:2204
Hamada N, Swada S, Oshiyama A (1992) Phys Rev Lett 68:1579
Liu M, Cowley JM (1994) Carbon 32:393
Endo M, Takeuchi K, Igarashi S, Kobori K, Shiraishi M, Kroto HW, Sarkar A (1995) Carbon 33:873
Ebbesen TW, Ajayan PM, Hiura H, Tanigaki K (1994) Nature 367:519
Mackay AL, Terrones H (1991) Nature 352:762
Iijima S, Toshinary I, Ando Y (1992) Nature 356:776
Chernozatonskii LA (1992) Phys Lett A 170:37
Itoh S, Ihara S, Kitakami J (1993) J Phys Rev B 47:1703
Ihara S, Itoh S, Kitakami J (1993) J Phys Rev B 47:12,908
Ivanov V, Nagy JB, Lambin Ph, Lucas A, Zhang XB, Zhang XF, Bernaerts D, Van Tendeloo G, Amelinckx S, Van Landuyt (1994) J Chem Phys Lett 223:329
Sarkar A, Kroto HW, Endo M (1995) Carbon 33:51
Liu J, Dai H, Hafner JH, Colbert DT, Smalley RE, Tans SJ, Dekker C (1997) Nature 385:780
Boehm HP (1973) Carbon 11:583
Dresselhaus MS, Dresselhaus G, Sugihara K, Spain IL, Goldberg HA (1988) Synthesis of graphite fibers and filaments. In: Graphite fibers and filaments, vol 3. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, p 12
Kroto HW, Hare JP, Sarkar A, Hsu K, Terrones M, Abeysinghe JR (1994) MRS Bulletin 19:51
Bernaerts D, Zhang XB, Zhang XF, Amelinckx S, Van Tendeloo G, Van Landuyt J, Ivanov V, Nagy JB (1995) Phil Mag A 71:605
Akagi, K, Tamura R, Tsukada M, Itoh S, Ihara S (1995). Phys Rev Lett 74:2307
Ricardo-Chávez JL, Dorantes-Dávila J, Terrones H, Terrones M (1997) Phys Rev B 56:12,143
Terrones M, Hsu WK, Hare JP, Walton DRM, Kroto HW, Terrones H (1996) Phil Trans Roy Soc A 354:2055
Wang XK, Lin XW, Dravid VP, Ketterson JB, Chang RPH (1995) Appl Phys Lett 66:2430
Dravid VP, Lin X, Wang Y, Wang XK, Yee A, Ketterson JB, Chang RPH (1993) Science 259:1601
Saito Y, Yoshikawa M, Inagaki M, Tomita M, Hayashi T (1993) Chem Phys Lett 204:277
Colbert DT, Zhang J, McClure SM, Nikolaev P, Chen Z, Hafner JH, Owens DW, Kotula PG, Carter JH, Weaver AG, Rinzler AG, Smalley RE (1994) Science 266:1218
Gamaly EG, Ebbesen TW (1995) Phys Rev B 52:2083
Ajayan PM, Redlich Ph, Rühle M (1997) Mater Res 12:1
Ebbesen TW, Hiura H, Fujita J, Ochai Y, Matsui S, Tanigaki K (1993) Chem Phys Lett 209:83
Bonard JC, Stora T, Salvetat JP, Maier F, Stöckli T, Duschl C, Forró L, de Heer WA, Châtelain A (1997) Adv Mater 9:827
Duesberg GS, Burghard M, Muster J, Philipp G, Roth S (1998) J Chem Soc Chem Commun 435
Schützenberger P, Schützenberger LCR (1890) Acad Sci 111:774
Pebalon CHCR (1905) Acad Sci 137:706
Endo M, Katoh A, Sugiura T, Shiraishi M (1987) 18th beinnial conference on carbon, Worcester, MA
Baker RTK, Harris PS (1978) Chemistry and physics of carbon. Marcel Dekker, New York, p83
Baker RTK, Braber MA, Harris PS, Feates FS, Waite RJ (1972) J Catal 26:51
Baker RTK, Chludzinski JJ Jr (1980) J Catal 64:464
Baker RTK, Harris PS, Thomas RB, Waite RJ (1973) J Catal 30:86
Baker RTK, Waite RJ (1975) J Catal 37:101
Baird T, Fryer JR (1974) Carbon 12:591
Oberlin A, Endo M, Koyama T (1976) J Cryst Growth 32:335
Audier M, Coulon M, Oberlin A (1980) Carbon 18:73
Tibbets G (1984) J Cryst Growth 66:632
Boellard E, de Bokx PK, Kock AJHM, Geus JW (1985) J Catal 96:481
Ajayan PM, Stephan O, Colliex C, Trauth D (1994) Science 265:1212
Terrones M, Grobert N, Olivares J, Zhang JP, Terrones H, Kordatos K, Hsu WK, Hare JP, Townsend PD, Prassides K, Cheetham AK, Kroto HW, Walton DRM (1997) Nature 388:52
Rinzler AG, Hafner JH, Nikolaev P, Lou L, Kim SG, Tomànek D, Nordlander P, Colbert DT, Smalley RE (1995) Science 269:1550
Collins PG, Zettl A (1996) Appl Phys Lett 69:1969
Saito Y, Hamaguchi K, Hata K, Uchida K, Tasaka Y, Ikazaki F, Yumura M, Kasuya A, Nishima Y (1997) Nature 389:555
Li WZ, Xie SS, Qian LX, Chang BH, Zou BS, Zhou WY, Zhao RA, Wang G (1996) Science 274:1701
Terrones M (1997) PhD Thesis, University of Sussex
Birkett PR, Cheetham AK, Eggen BR, Hare JP, Kroto HW, Walton DRM (1997) Chem Phys Lett 281:114
Iijima S, Ichihashi T (1993) Nature 363:603
Ajayan PM, Lambert JM, Bernier P, Barbedette L, Colliex C, Planeix JM (1993) Chem Phys Lett 215:509
Saito Y, Yoshikawa T, Okuda M, Ohkohchi M, Ando Y, Kasuya A, Nishina Y (1993) Chem Phys Lett 209:72
Zhou D, Seraphin S, Wang S (1994) Appl Phys Lett 65:1593
Journet C, Maser WK, Bernier P, Loisseau A, Lamy de la Chapelle M, Lefrant S, Deniard P, Lee P, Fischer JE (1997) Nature 388:756
Tohji K, Takahashi H, Shinoda Y, Shimizu N, Jeyadevan B, Matsuoka I, Saito Y, Kasuya A, Ito S, Nishina Y (1997) J Phys Chem B 101:1974
Bandow S, Rao AM, Williams KA, Smalley RE, Eklund PC (1997) J Phys Chem B 101:8839
Duesberg G (1998) personal communication
Iijima S, Brabec C, Maiti A, Bernholc J (1996) J Chem Phys 104:2089
Chopra NG, Benedict LX, Crespi VH, Cohen ML, Louie SG, Zettl A (1995) Nature 377:135
Ruoff RS, Lorents DC (1995) Carbon 33:925
Overney G, Zhong W, Tománek D (1993) Z Phys D 27:93
Robertson DH, Brener DW, Minmire JW (1992) Phys Rev B 4:12,592
Kelly BT (1981) Physics of Graphite Applied Science, London
Tersoff J (1992) Phys Rev B 46:15,546
Langer L, Stockman L, Heremans JP, Bayot V, Olk CH, Van Haesendonck C, Bruynseraede Y, Issi JP (1994) J Mater Res 9:927
Nakayama Y, Akita S, Shimada Y (1995) Jpn J Appl Phys 34:L10
De Heer WA, Bacsa WS, Châtelain A, Gerfin T, Humphrey-Baker R, Forró L, Ugarte D (1995) Science 268:845
Baumgartner G, Carrard M, Zuppiroli L, Bacsa W, de Heer WA, Forró L (1997) Phys Rev B 55:6704
Subramoney S, Kavelaar V, Ruoff RS, Lorents DC, Malhotra R, Kazmer AJ (1994) In: Kadish KM, Ruoff RS (eds) Chemistry and physics of fullerenes and related materials P V 94-24. The Electrochemistry Society, Pennington, NJ, p 1498
Ruoff RS, Lorents DC, Chan BC, Malhotra R, Subramoney S (1993) Science 259:346
Liu M, Cowley JM (1995) Carbon 33:225
Seraphin S (1994) In: Kadish KM, Ruoff RS (eds) Chemistry and physics of fullerenes and related materials PV 94-24. The Electrochemistry Society, Pennington, NJ, p 1433
Subramoney S, Ruoff RS, Lorents DC, Chan BC, Malhotra R, Dyer RMJ, Parvin K (1994) Carbon 32:507
Yosida Y (1993) Appl Phys Lett 62:3447
Loisseau A, Pascard H (1996) Chem Phys Lett 256:246
Guerret-Piécourt C, Le Bouar Y, Loisseau A, Pascard H (1994) Nature 372:761
Tomita M, Saito Y, Hayashi T (1993) Jpn J Appl Phys 32:L280
Saito Y, Yoshikawa M, Inagaki M, Tomita M, Hayashi T (1993) Chem Phys Lett 204: 277
Murakami Y, Shibata T, Okuyama K, Arai T, Suematsu H, Yoshida Y (1994) J Phys Chem Solids 54:1861
Majetich SA, Artman JO, McHenry ME, Nuhfer NT, Staley SW (1993) Phys Rev B 48:16,845
Seraphin S, Zhou D, Jiao J, Withers JC, Loufty R (1993) Appl Phys Lett 63:2073
Bandow S, Saito Y (1994) Jpn J Appl Phys 32:L1677
Hare JP, Hsu WK, Kroto HW, Lappas A, Prassides K, Terrones M, Walton DRM (1996) Chem Mater 8:6
Ata M, Yamaura K, Hudson AJ (1995) J Adv Mater 7:286
Tsang SC, Chen YK, Harris PJF, Green MLH (1994) Nature 372:159
Chen YK, Green MLH, Tsang SC (1996) J Chem Soc Chem Commun 2489
Sloan J, Cook J, Heesom JR, Green MLH, Hutchison JL (1997) J Cryst Growth 173:81
Sloan J, Cook J, Green MLH, Hutchison JL, Tenne R (1997) J Mater Chem 7:1089
Chen YK, Chu A, Cook J, Green MLH, Harris PJF, Heesom R, Humphries M, Sloan J, Tsang SC, Turner JFC (1997) J Mater Chem 7:545
Lago RM, Tsang SC, Lu KL, Chen YK, Green MLH (1995) J Chem Soc Chem Commun 1355
Chu A, Cook J, Heesom RJR, Hutchison JL, Green MLH, Sloan J (1996) J Chem Mater 8:2751
Tsang SC, Davis JJ, Green MLH, Allen H, Hill O, Leung YC, Sadler PJJ (1995) Chem Soc Chem Commun 1803
Tsang SC, Guo Z, Chen YK, Green MLH, Hill AO, Hambley TW, Sadler PJ (1997) Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 36:2198
Ajayan PM, Stephan O, Redlich Ph, Colliex C (1995) Nature 375:564
McHenry ME, Nakamura Y, Kirkpatrick S, Johnson F, Curtin S, DeGraef M, Uhfer NT, Majetich SA, Brunsman EM (1995) In: Kadish KM, Ruoff RS (eds) Chemistry and physics of fullerenes and related materials PV 95-26. The Electrochemistry Society, Pennington, NJ, p 1463
Terrones M, Grobert N, Zhang JP, Terrones H, Olivares J, Hsu WK, Hare JP, Cheetham AK, Kroto HW, Walton DRM (1998) Chem Phys Lett 285:299
Grobert N, Terrones M, Osborne OJ, Terrones H, Hsu WK, Trasobares S, Zhu YQ, Hare JP, Kroto HW, Walton DRM (1998) Appl Phys A (in press)
Hsu WK, Terrones M, Terrones H, Grobert N, Kirkland AI, Hare JP, Prassides K, Townsend PD, Kroto HW, Walton DRM (1998) Chem Phys Lett 284:177
Hsu WK, Terrones M, Terrones H, Grobert N, Zhu YQ, Hare JP, Kroto HW, Walton DRM (to be published)
Saunders GD, Chang YC (1992) Phys Rev B 45:9202
Brus LE (1994) J Phys Chem, 98:3575
Martin CR (1994) Science 266:1961
Mann S (1993) Nature 365:499
Morales AM, Lieber CM (1998) Science 279:208
Zhu YQ, Hsu WK, Terrones M, Grobert N, Terrones H, Hare JP, Kroto HW, Walton DRM (1998) J Mater Chem 8:1859
Zunger A, Katzir A, Halperin A (1976) Phys Rev B 13:5560
Dresselhaus MS, Dresselhaus G, Eklund PC (1996) Science of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes. Academic Press, New York
Charlier JC, Blase X (1998) personal communication
Chopra NG, Zettl A (1998) Solid State Commun 105:297
Hernández E, Goze C, Bernier P, Rubio A (1998) Phys Rev Lett 80:4502
Yakobson BI, Brabec CJ, Bernholc J (1996) J Phys Rev Lett 76:2411
Lu JP (1997) Phys Rev Lett 79:1297
Goldberg D, Bando Y, Eremets M, Takemura K, Kurashima K, Tamiya K, Yusa H (1997) Chem Phys Lett 279:191
Kawaguchi M, Bartlett N (1995) In: Nakajima T (ed) Fluorine-carbon and fluoride-carbon materials. Marcel Dekker Inc, New York, p 187
Zhang Y, Gu H, Suenaga K, Iijima S (1997) Chem Phys Lett 279:264
Suenaga K, Colliex C, Demoncy N, Loiseau A, Pascard H, Willaime F (1997) Science 278:653
Carroll DT, Curran S, Ajayan PM, Redlich Ph (1998) Phys Rev Lett 81:2332
Sen R, Satishkumar BC, Govindaraj S, Harikumar KR, Renganathan MK, Rao CNR (1997) J Mater Chem 7:2335
Sen R, Satishkumar BC, Govindaraj S, Harikumar KR, Raina G, Zhang JP, Chetham AK, Rao CNR (1998) Chem Phys Lett 287:671
Terrones M, Redlich Ph, Grobert N, Trasobares S, Terrones H, Hsu WK, Rühle M, Kroto HW, Walton DRM (to be published)
Sander SJ, Verschueren RM, Dekker C (1998) Nature 393:49
Venema L, Wildöer JW, Temminck Tuinstra HLJ, Dekker C, Rinzler AG, Smalley RE (1997) Appl Phys Lett (1997) 71:2629
Terrones H, Terrones M, Hsu WK (1995) Chem Soc Rev 24:341
Lambin Ph, Fonseca A, Vigneron JP, Nagy JB, Lucas AA (1995) Chem Phys Lett 245:85
Meunier V, Henrad L, Lambin Ph (1998) Phys Rev B 57:2586
Lambin Ph, Fonseca A, Nagy JB, Lucas AA (1996) Synth Met 77:249
Chico L, Crespi VH, Benedict LH, Louie SG, Cohen ML (1996) Phys Rev Lett 76:971
Collins PG, Zettl A, Bando H, Thess A, Smalley RE (1997) Science 278:100
Terrones M, Terrones H (1996) Full Sci Tech 4:517
Crespi VH, Cohen ML, Rubio A (1997) Phys Rev Lett 79:2093
Charlier JC, Ebbesen TW, Lambin Ph (1996) Phys Rev B 53:11,108
Charlier JC, Lambin Ph, Ebbesen TW (1996) Phys Rev B 54:R8377
Delaney P, Choi HJ, Ihm J, Louie SG, Cohen ML (1998) Nature 391:466
Ugarte D (1992) Nature 359:709
Krishnan A, Dujardin E, Treacy MMJ, Hugdahl J, Lynum S, Ebbesen TW (1997) Nature 388:451
Sattler K (1995) Carbon 33:920
Saito Y, Matsumoto T (1998) Nature 392:237
Lenoski T, Gonze X, Teter M, Elser V (1992) Nature 355:333
Terrones H, Terrones M (1997) Phys Rev B 55:9969
Rapoport L, Bilik Y, Feldman Y, Homyonfer M, Cohen SR, Tenne R (1997) Nature 387:791
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Terrones, M., Hsu, W.K., Kroto, H.W., Walton, D.R.M. (1999). Nanotubes: A Revolution in Materials Science and Electronics. In: Hirsch, A. (eds) Fullerenes and Related Structures. Topics in Current Chemistry, vol 199. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-68117-5_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-68117-5_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-64939-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-68117-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive