Abstract
Use case models are used in object-oriented analysis for capturing and describing the functional requirements of a system. Use case models are also used in communication between stakeholders in development projects. It is therefore important that the use case models are constructed in such a way that they support the development process and promote a good understanding of the requirements among the stakeholders. Despite this, there are few guidelines on how to construct use case models.
This paper describes an explorative study where three different sets of guidelines were used for constructing and documenting use case models. An experiment with 139 undergraduate students divided into 31 groups was conducted. Each group used one out of the three sets of guidelines when constructing a use case model from an informal requirements specification. After completing the use case model, each student answered a questionnaire.
The results of the experiment indicate that guidelines based on templates support the construction of use case models that are easier to understand for the readers, than guidelines without specific details on how to document each use case. The guidelines based on templates were also considered as the most useful when constructing use cases. In addition to better understandability, our experiment indicates that the guidelines based on templates result in better use case models regarding also other quality attributes. Our results further indicate that it may be beneficial to combine the template guidelines with another set of guidelines that focus on the documentation of the flow of events of each use case.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Jacobson, I. et al. Object-Oriented Software Engineering. A Use Case Driven Approach. Addison-Wesley, 1992.
Kulak, D. & Guiney, E. Use Cases: Requirements in Context. Addison-Wesley, 2000.
Booch, G., Rumbaugh, J. & Jacobson, I. The Unified Modeling Language User Guide. Addison-Wesley, 1999.
Cockburn, A. Structuring Use Cases with Goals. Technical report. Human and Technology, 7691 Dell Rd, Salt Lake City, UT 84121, Ha.T.TR.95.1, http://members.aol.com/acockburn/papers/usecases.html, 1995.
Cockburn, A. Writing Effective Use Cases. Addison-Wesley, 2000.
Schneider, G. & Winters, J. Applying Use Cases. A Practical Guide. Addison-Wesley, 1998.
Constantine, L. L. & Lockwood, L. A. D. Software for Use. A Practical Guide to the Models and Methods for Usage-Centered Design. Addison-Wesley, 1999.
Rosenberg, D. & Scott, K. Use Case Driven Object Modelling with UML. Addison-Wesley, 1999.
Regnell, B., Andersson, M. & Bergstrand, J. A Hierarchical Use Case Model with Graphical Representation. Proceedings of Second IEEE International Symposium on Requirements Engineering (RE’95), York, UK, 1995.
Harwood, R. J. Use case formats: Requirements, analysis, and design. Journal of Object-Oriented Programming, Vol. 9, No. 8, pp. 54–57, January 1997.
Mattingly, 6L. & Rao, H. Writing Effective Use Cases and Introducing Collaboration Cases. Journal of Object-Oriented Programming, Vol. 11, No. 6, pp. 77–79, 81-84, 87, October 1998.
Jaaksi, A. Our Cases with Use Cases. Journal of Object-Oriented Programming, Vol. 10, No. 9, pp. 58–64, February 1998.
Firesmith, D.G. Use Case Modeling Guidelines. Proceedings of Technology of Object-Oriented Languages and Systems. TOOLS 30. IEEE Comput. Soc, Los Alamitos, CA, USA, 1999.
Ben Achour, C., Rolland, C., Maiden, N.A.M. & Souveyet, C. Guiding Use Case Authoring: Results of an Empirical Study. Proceedings IEEE Symposium on Requirements Engineering, IEEE Comput. Soc, Los Alamitos, CA, USA, 1999.
Cox, K. & Phalp, K. Replicating the CREWS Use Case Authoring Guidelines. Empirical Software Engineering Journal, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 245–268, 2000.
Hurlbut, R.R. A Survey of Approaches for Describing and Formalizing Use Cases. Technical Report: XPT-TR-97-03, Expertech, Ltd., 1997.
Martinsen, S.A. & Groven, A-K. Improving Estimation and Requirements Management Experiences from a very small Norwegian Enterprise. SPI 98 Improvement in Practice: Reviewing Experience, Previewing Future Trends. The European Conference on Software Improvement. Meeting Management, Farnham, UK, 1998.
Anda, B., Dreiem, H., Sjøberg, D. & Jørgensen, M. Estimating Software Development Effort Based on Use Cases. Experiences from industry. Submitted to UML’2001 (Fourth International Conference on th Unified Modeling Language).
Cioch, F.A. Measuring Software Misinterpretation. Journal of Systems and Software, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 85–95, February 1991.
Høst, M., Regnell, B. & Wohlin, C. Using Students as Subjects. A Comparative Study of Students and Professionals in Lead-Time Impact Assessment. Empirical Software Engineering, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 210–214, November 2000.
Tichy, W.F. Hints for Reviewing Empirical Work in Software Engineering. Empirical Software Engineering, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 309–312, December 2000.
Anda, B. & Jørgensen, M. Understanding Use Case Models. Proceedings of Beg, Borrow, or Steal Workshop, International Conference on Software Engineering, June 5, 2000, Limerick, Ireland.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2001 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Anda, B., Sjøberg, D., Jørgensen, M. (2001). Quality and Understandability of Use Case Models. In: Knudsen, J.L. (eds) ECOOP 2001 — Object-Oriented Programming. ECOOP 2001. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 2072. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45337-7_21
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45337-7_21
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-42206-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-45337-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive