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Microwave-Assisted Cationic Ring-Opening Polymerization of 2-Oxazolines

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Book cover Microwave-assisted Polymer Synthesis

Part of the book series: Advances in Polymer Science ((POLYMER,volume 274))

Abstract

More than any other polymer class, the synthesis of (co-)poly(2-oxazoline)s has benefited tremendously from the introduction of microwave reactors into chemical laboratories. This review focuses on research activities in the area of (co-)poly(2-oxazoline)s prepared by microwave-assisted syntheses and summarizes the current state-of-the-art for microwave-assisted syntheses of 2-oxazoline monomers, microwave-assisted ring-opening (co-)polymerizations of 2-oxazolines, and prominent examples of post-polymerization modifications of (co-)poly(2-oxazoline)s. Special attention is paid to kinetic analyses of the microwave-assisted polymerization of 2-oxazolines and to the discussion of non-thermal microwave effects.

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Abbreviations

AFM:

Atomic force microscopy

Bu=Ox:

2-But-3′-enyl-2-oxazoline

CH:

Conventional heating

CROP:

Cationic ring-opening polymerization

Dc=Ox:

2-Dec-9′-enyl-2-oxazoline

DLS:

Dynamic light scattering

DP:

Degree of polymerization

EtOx:

2-Ethyl-2-oxazoline

IL:

Ionic liquid

MALDI-TOF:

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization – time-of-flight

MeOx:

2-Methyl-2-oxazoline

MW:

Microwave

NonOx:

2-Nonyl-2-oxazoline

pBu=Ox:

Poly(2-but-3′-enyl-2-oxazoline)

pDc=Ox:

Poly(2-dec-9′-enyl-2-oxazoline)

PEG:

Poly(ethylene glycol)

PEI:

Poly(ethylene imine)

PET:

Poly(ethylene terephthalate)

pEtOx:

Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)

PhOx:

2-Phenyl-2-oxazoline

pMeOx:

Poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline)

pNonOx:

Poly(2-nonyl-2-oxazoline)

pPBO:

Poly(1,3-phenylene-bis-2-oxazoline)

pPhOx:

Poly(2-phenyl-2-oxazoline)

ROP:

Ring-opening polymerization

SEC:

Size-exclusion chromatography

wt%:

Weight percent

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Acknowledgement

F.W. and K.P.L. would like to gratefully acknowledge the Austrian Science Fund FWF for funding of the project I1123-N19 (MimiFlow). The work was performed at the PCCL in the context of the project PolyComp within the framework of the COMET-program of the Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology and Federal Ministry for Economy, Family and Youth. The PCCL is funded by the Austrian Government and the State Governments of Styria, Lower Austria and Upper Austria. U.S.S. thanks the Carl-Zeiss Foundation and the TMWWdG (State of Thuringia).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH, Roseggerstrasse 12, 8700, Leoben, Austria

    Klaus P. Luef & Frank Wiesbrock

  2. Graz University of Technology, Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, NAWI Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria

    Klaus P. Luef

  3. Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000, Ghent, Belgium

    Richard Hoogenboom

  4. Laboratory for Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany

    Ulrich S. Schubert

  5. Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany

    Ulrich S. Schubert

Authors
  1. Klaus P. Luef
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  2. Richard Hoogenboom
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  3. Ulrich S. Schubert
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  4. Frank Wiesbrock
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Correspondence to Frank Wiesbrock .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Organic Chemistry Supramolecular Chemistry group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

    Richard Hoogenboom

  2. Institute for Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany

    Ulrich S. Schubert

  3. Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH, Leoben, Austria

    Frank Wiesbrock

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Luef, K.P., Hoogenboom, R., Schubert, U.S., Wiesbrock, F. (2015). Microwave-Assisted Cationic Ring-Opening Polymerization of 2-Oxazolines. In: Hoogenboom, R., Schubert, U., Wiesbrock, F. (eds) Microwave-assisted Polymer Synthesis. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 274. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/12_2015_340

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