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Chemical and Biological Tools for the Preparation of Modified Histone Proteins

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Protein Ligation and Total Synthesis II

Part of the book series: Topics in Current Chemistry ((TOPCURRCHEM,volume 363))

Abstract

Eukaryotic chromatin is a complex and dynamic system in which the DNA double helix is organized and protected by interactions with histone proteins. This system is regulated through a large network of dynamic post-translational modifications (PTMs) which ensure proper gene transcription, DNA repair, and other processes involving DNA. Homogenous protein samples with precisely characterized modification sites are necessary to understand better the functions of modified histone proteins. Here, we discuss sets of chemical and biological tools developed for the preparation of modified histones, with a focus on the appropriate choice of tool for a given target. We start with genetic approaches for the creation of modified histones, including the incorporation of genetic mimics of histone modifications, chemical installation of modification analogs, and the use of the expanded genetic code to incorporate modified amino acids. We also cover the chemical ligation techniques which have been invaluable in the generation of complex modified histones indistinguishable from their natural counterparts. We end with a prospectus on future directions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and The Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA

    Cecil J. Howard, Ruixuan R. Yu, Miranda L. Gardner, John C. Shimko & Jennifer J. Ottesen

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  1. Cecil J. Howard
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  2. Ruixuan R. Yu
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  3. Miranda L. Gardner
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  4. John C. Shimko
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  5. Jennifer J. Ottesen
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Correspondence to Jennifer J. Ottesen .

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  1. Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

    Lei Liu

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Howard, C.J., Yu, R.R., Gardner, M.L., Shimko, J.C., Ottesen, J.J. (2015). Chemical and Biological Tools for the Preparation of Modified Histone Proteins. In: Liu, L. (eds) Protein Ligation and Total Synthesis II. Topics in Current Chemistry, vol 363. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/128_2015_629

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