Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and nitric oxide (NO) constitute endogenous gaseous molecules produced by specific enzymes. These gases are chemically simple, but exert multiple effects and act through shared molecular targets to control both physiology and pathophysiology in the cardiovascular system (CVS). The gases act via direct and/or indirect interactions with each other in proteins such as heme-containing enzymes, the mitochondrial respiratory complex, and ion channels, among others. Studies of the major impacts of CO, H2S, and NO on the CVS have revealed their involvement in controlling blood pressure and in reducing cardiac reperfusion injuries, although their functional roles are not limited to these conditions. In this review, the basic aspects of CO, H2S, and NO, including their production and effects on enzymes, mitochondrial respiration and biogenesis, and ion channels are briefly addressed to provide insight into their biology with respect to the CVS. Finally, potential therapeutic applications of CO, H2S, and NO with the CVS are addressed, based on the use of exogenous donors and different types of delivery systems.
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Acknowledgments
The authors apologize for the vast number of outstanding publications that could not be cited owing to space limitations. This work was supported by the Priority Research Centers Program (2010-0020224) and the Basic Science Research Program (2015R1A2A1A13001900 and 2015R1D1A3A01015596) through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology.
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Lee, S.R., Nilius, B., Han, J. (2018). Gaseous Signaling Molecules in Cardiovascular Function: From Mechanisms to Clinical Translation. In: Nilius, B., de Tombe, P., Gudermann, T., Jahn, R., Lill, R., Petersen, O. (eds) Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology Vol. 174. Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, vol 174. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/112_2017_7
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