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CCN proteins: A centralized communication network

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Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling Aims and scope

Abstract

The CCN family of proteins includes six members presently known as CCN1, CCN2, CCN3, CCN4, CCN5 and CCN6. These proteins were originally designated CYR61, CTGF, NOV, and WISP-1, WISP-2, WISP-3. Although these proteins share a significant amount of structural features and a partial identity with other large families of regulatory proteins, they exhibit different biological functions. A critical examination of the progress made over the past two decades, since the first CCN proteins were discovered brings me to the conclusion that most of our present knowledge regarding the functions of these proteins was predicted very early after their discovery. In an effort to point out some of the gaps that prevent us to reach a comprehensive view of the functional interactions between CCN proteins, it is necessary to reconsider carefully data that was already published and put aside, either because the scientific community was not ready to accept them, or because they were not fitting with the « consensus » when they were published. This review article points to avenues that were not attracting the attention that they deserved. However, it is quite obvious that the six members of this unique family of tetra-modular proteins must act in concert, either simultaneously or sequentially, on the same sites or at different times in the life of living organisms. A better understanding of the spatio-temporal regulation of CCN proteins expression requires considering the family as such, not as a set of single proteins related only by their name. As proposed in this review, there is enough convincing pieces of evidence, at the present time, in favor of these proteins playing a role in the coordination of multiple signaling pathways, and constituting a Centralized Communication Network. Deciphering the hierarchy of regulatory circuits involved in this complex system is an important challenge for the near future. In this article, I would like to briefly review the concept of a CCN family of proteins and critically examine the progress made over the past 10 years in the understanding of their biological functions and involvement in both normal and pathological processes.

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Notes

  1. For example, who still remembers the pivotal contribution of JC Chermann in the identification of the HIV as AIDS associated virus see « http://nobelchermann.com/ »

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Acknowledgments

I am grateful to all the colleagues with whom I could engage very fruitful collaborative projects. The International Workshops on the CCN family of Genes have been the source the inspirational discussions. Again this review provides me the opportunity to deeply thank my wife Annick for her tremendous help in organizing the workshops and my friend and colleague Herman Yeger for his early involvement and support in this venture. The work that was performed in my laboratory was funded by grants from the European Union : PROTHETS (Prognosis and Therapeutic Targets of Ewing Family of Tumors, FP6 Contract 503036), grants from the Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, and the French Ministry of Education.

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  1. International CCN Society, Paris, France

    Bernard Perbal

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Perbal, B. CCN proteins: A centralized communication network. J. Cell Commun. Signal. 7, 169–177 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12079-013-0193-7

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