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Role of Austenitization and Pre-Deformation on the Kinetics of the Isothermal Bainitic Transformation

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Abstract

The role of time-temperature path on the isothermal austenite-to-bainite phase transformation of low alloy 51 CrV 4 steel was investigated and the corresponding microstructures were analyzed. The important finding is that an incomplete initial austenitization treatment leaves undissolved carbides in the matrix, such that lower carbon and chromium content in the matrix result, eventually accelerating the phase transformation. Furthermore, the residual carbides constitute additional nucleation sites for the bainite plates, speeding up the process even further. Also, both plastic pre-deformation of the supercooled austenite and application of external elastic stresses during the phase transformation lead to transformation plasticity by enhancing the stress fields, providing a driving force for the growth of bainite plates along a preferred orientation. Overall, the current results constitute the first step toward establishing a database for constructing a realistic microstructure-based model for simulating metal forming operations involving austenite-to-bainite phase transformation.

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Acknowledgments

Financial support by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft within the Transregional Collaborative Research Centre TRR 30 “Prozessintegrierte Herstellung funktional gradierter Strukturen auf der Grundlage thermo-mechanisch gekoppelter Phänomene” is gratefully acknowledged. The authors also thank Mr. Juri Burow, University of Bochum, for carrying out the EBSD measurements presented herein.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lehrstuhl für Werkstoffkunde (Materials Science), University of Paderborn, 33095, Paderborn, Germany

    H.-G. Lambers (Research Assistant), S. Tschumak (Research Assistant) & H. J. Maier (Professor)

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koc University, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey

    D. Canadinc (Assistant Professor)

Authors
  1. H.-G. Lambers
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  2. S. Tschumak
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  3. H. J. Maier
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  4. D. Canadinc
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to H. J. Maier.

Additional information

Manuscript submitted August 27, 2008.

Appendix

Appendix

The austenite-to-bainite phase transition is accompanied by a characteristic volume change, which can be determined from the simultaneously measured axial (ε a ) and diametral strain (ε d )[6]

$$ \frac{\Updelta V}{V} = (1 + \varepsilon_{a} ) {\cdot} (1 + \varepsilon_{d} )^{2} - 1 $$
(1)

The volume fraction of the new phase (w(t)) is obtained through normalization as

$$ w(t) = \frac{\Updelta V}{V}(t)/\frac{\Updelta V}{V}(t \to \infty ) $$
(2)

In addition, transformation plasticity (ε TP ) with respect to the loading direction can be determined as

$$ \varepsilon_{TP} (t) = \varepsilon_{a} (t) - \frac{\Updelta V}{3V}(t) = \frac{2}{3}(\varepsilon_{a} (t) - \varepsilon_{d} (t)) $$
(3)

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Lambers, HG., Tschumak, S., Maier, H.J. et al. Role of Austenitization and Pre-Deformation on the Kinetics of the Isothermal Bainitic Transformation. Metall Mater Trans A 40, 1355–1366 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-009-9827-z

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