Abstract
In this paper, we review current estimates of the global water inventory of Mars, potential loss mechanisms, the thermophysical characteristics of the different reservoirs that water may be currently stored in, and assess how the planet’s hydrosphere and cryosphere evolved with time. First, we summarize the water inventory quantified from geological analyses of surface features related to both liquid water erosion, and ice-related landscapes. They indicate that, throughout most of Martian geologic history (and possibly continuing through to the present day), water was present to substantial depths, with a total inventory ranging from several 100 to as much as 1000 m Global Equivalent Layer (GEL). We then review the most recent estimates of water content based on subsurface detection by orbital and landed instruments, including deep penetrating radars such as SHARAD and MARSIS. We show that the total amount of water measured so far is about 30 m GEL, although a far larger amount of water may be stored below the sounding depths of currently operational instruments. Finally, a global picture of the current state of the subsurface water reservoirs and their evolution is discussed.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank the editor Mike Toplis, and 3 referees for careful comments on this manuscript. The authors also thank the staff of the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern, Switzerland for hospitality and assistance. Additional thanks to the HiRISE, MOC, MOLA, TES, THEMIS, SHARAD and MARSIS teams for providing excellent data to the scientific community. This work was partly supported by Los Alamos LDRD program. This is SC LPI contribution number 1704.
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Lasue, J., Mangold, N., Hauber, E. et al. Quantitative Assessments of the Martian Hydrosphere. Space Sci Rev 174, 155–212 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-012-9946-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-012-9946-5