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OSS (Outer Solar System): a fundamental and planetary physics mission to Neptune, Triton and the Kuiper Belt

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Abstract

The present OSS (Outer Solar System) mission continues a long and bright tradition by associating the communities of fundamental physics and planetary sciences in a single mission with ambitious goals in both domains. OSS is an M-class mission to explore the Neptune system almost half a century after the flyby of the Voyager 2 spacecraft. Several discoveries were made by Voyager 2, including the Great Dark Spot (which has now disappeared) and Triton’s geysers. Voyager 2 revealed the dynamics of Neptune’s atmosphere and found four rings and evidence of ring arcs above Neptune. Benefiting from a greatly improved instrumentation, a mission as OSS would result in a striking advance in the study of the farthest planet of the solar system. Furthermore, OSS would provide a unique opportunity to visit a selected Kuiper Belt object subsequent to the passage of the Neptunian system. OSS would help consolidate the hypothesis of the origin of Triton as a Kuiper Belt object captured by Neptune, and to improve our knowledge on the formation of the solar system. The OSS probe would carry instruments allowing precise tracking of the spacecraft during the cruise. It would facilitate the best possible tests of the laws of gravity in deep space. These objectives are important for fundamental physics, as they test General Relativity, our current theoretical description of gravitation, but also for cosmology, astrophysics and planetary science, as General Relativity is used as a tool in all these domains. In particular, the models of solar system formation uses General Relativity to describe the crucial role of gravity. OSS is proposed as an international cooperation between ESA and NASA, giving the capability for ESA to launch an M-class mission towards the farthest planet of the solar system, and to a Kuiper Belt object. The proposed mission profile would allow to deliver a 500 kg class spacecraft. The design of the probe is mainly constrained by the deep space gravity test in order to minimize the perturbation of the accelerometer measurement.

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Notes

  1. ESA Fundamental Physics Roadmap Advisory Team, A Roadmap for Fundamental Physics in Space, 2010. Available at [08/23/2010]: http://sci.esa.int/fprat

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Acknowledgements

The authors thanks the reviewers for their comments and corrections.

We gratefully acknowledge the support of the Argo Science team for supplying their Decadal Survey White Papers [60, 61, 127, 130].

This proposal was supported by CNES (France) through a phase 0 study managed by E. Hinglais.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab, 92322, Châtillon, France

    B. Christophe, B. Foulon, B. Lenoir, A. Levy, C. Robert & P. Touboul

  2. JPL/NASA, Pasadena, CA, USA

    L. J. Spilker, J. D. Anderson, S. W. Asmar, G. Orton, K. R. Reh & T. R. Spilker

  3. IRAP, CNRS, Univ. Paul Sabatier Toulouse, Toulouse, France

    N. André

  4. University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    J. Aurnou & R. Helled

  5. Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA

    D. Banfield

  6. Laboratoire d’Etudes Spatiales et d’Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Univ. Pierre et Marie Curie, Univ. Paris Diderot, 92195, Meudon, France

    A. Barucci, B. Cecconi & L. Lamy

  7. Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal

    O. Bertolami

  8. RAL, Chilton, Oxfordshire, UK

    R. Bingham

  9. Imperial College London, London, UK

    P. Brown

  10. LKB, CNRS, Paris, France

    J. -M. Courty, B. Lamine & S. Reynaud

  11. DLR/Institute of Space System, Bremen, Germany

    H. Dittus

  12. University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

    L. N. Fletcher

  13. Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

    F. Francisco, P. J. S. Gil & J. Páramos

  14. Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany

    K. H. Glassmeier

  15. Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ, USA

    W. Grundy

  16. PSI, Tucson, AZ, USA

    C. Hansen

  17. DLR/Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, Germany

    J. Helbert, H. Hussmann, N. Schmitz, F. Sohl & K. Stephan

  18. ZARM, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany

    C. Lämmerzahl & H. Selig

  19. CEA Saclay, Service d’Astrophysique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

    R. Lehoucq

  20. Thales Alenia Space, Cannes, France

    J. Poncy

  21. University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

    F. Postberg

  22. JIVE, Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands

    S. V. Progrebenko

  23. Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, GeoAzur, Nice, France

    E. Samain

  24. Universität zu Köln, Köln, Germany

    J. Saur

  25. Hampton University in Virginia, Hampton, VA, USA

    K. M. Sayanagi

  26. IRS, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany

    R. Srama

  27. MPIK, Heidelberg, Germany

    R. Srama

  28. LNE-SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, UPMC, Paris, France

    P. Wolf

Authors
  1. B. Christophe
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  2. L. J. Spilker
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  3. J. D. Anderson
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  49. P. Wolf
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to B. Christophe.

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Christophe, B., Spilker, L.J., Anderson, J.D. et al. OSS (Outer Solar System): a fundamental and planetary physics mission to Neptune, Triton and the Kuiper Belt. Exp Astron 34, 203–242 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10686-012-9309-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10686-012-9309-y

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