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Taxonomic revision of the genus Schaueria (Acanthaceae)

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Abstract

The genus Schaueria (Acanthaceae) has not been comprehensively treated for more than 150 years. Here, we propose a recircumscription of Schaueria based on molecular phylogenetic results and present a taxonomic revision of the genus. We recognise 14 species, which occur mainly in semideciduous montane forests, rain forests, and restingas, from Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul states, Brazil. Three new species are described in the genus—S. hirta, S. pyramidalis, and S. thyrsiflora—and six are excluded from the genus. Four new combinations and two new synonyms are proposed, and five lectotypes are designated. Many species of Schaueria are endangered, critically endangered or vulnerable, and two species are assessed as near threatened because of continuous decline of habitat quality and extent of Atlantic forest. We provide a key to identify the genera of the Tetramerium lineage that occur in South America, and present descriptions, illustrations, and comments for the 14 species of Schaueria, as well as a key to identify them.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the herbaria BM, BR, CAS, CEN, CEPEC, CGE, CUZ, ESA, G, GOET, GUA, GZU, HUEFS, INPA, K, M, MBM, MG, NY, OXF, P, R, RB, SP, SPF, UB, UC, UEC, UFG, US, USM, USZ, and W for loans, images, and assistance during visits. We also thank Armin Löckher (W), for valuable information about the collections by Schott and Pohl; Deborah Bell (US) for permission to examine pollen grains from the type of Schaueria schottii; Pedro Moraes for images of several type-collections and also for discussions; Denise Braz for the new collection and images of Schaueria thyrsiflora; Fiocruz for the use of SEM to analyse pollen grains, seed and trichomes; Aline Mota, Fabrício Moreira and Anderson Machado for helping during field work; Ricardo Landim for assistance during field work and help with pollen grain description; Folmer Arnklit and Cees Lut for bibliographic information; and Jim and Lois White for logistic support for ALAC in California. We are grateful to CNPq and Fapesb for supporting Pronex and Reflora projects; CAPES for Ph.D. fellowship (PDSE) for ALAC and CNPq for research fellowship to AR.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Programa de Pós-graduação em Botânica, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Avenida Transnordestina s/n, Novo Horizonte, Feira de Santana, Bahia, 44036-900, Brazil

    Ana Luiza A. Côrtes & Alessandro Rapini

  2. Faculdade Guanambi, Avenida Governador Nilo Coelho, s/n, São Sebastião, Guanambi, Bahia, 46430-000, Brazil

    Ana Luiza A. Côrtes

  3. Department of Botany, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Dr., Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA

    Thomas F. Daniel

Authors
  1. Ana Luiza A. Côrtes
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  2. Thomas F. Daniel
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  3. Alessandro Rapini
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Correspondence to Ana Luiza A. Côrtes.

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Funding

This study was funded by FAPESB and CAPES (Ph.D. fellowship for Ana Luiza Côrtes), FAPESB supporting of Pronex project (PNX 0014/2009), CNPq and CAPES supporting of Reflora project and CNPq (research fellowship for Alessandro Rapini).

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Handling editor: Ricarda Riina.

Appendix

Appendix

Specimens examined (the numbers of the species in the text are in brackets)

A. Dziewa 122 (6); A. Frazão s.n. (1), s.n. (2); A. Glaziou 222 (3); A. Saint-Hilaire 14 (8), B2-25 a (1), B2-2474, 2774 (8); A. Sampaio 8529 (3), 8629 (5); A.A. Santos 94 (4); A.C. Brade 14974 (2), 19899 (4); A.L.A. Côrtes 147, 152–154, 159 (2), 160 (1), 187 (5), 193 (3), 198, 200 (5), 231 (14), 237, 239 (10), 243 (12), 266 (6); A.M. Amorim 2589, 4263 (13), 6814 (12); A.M. Carvalho 273 (10); A.P. Duarte 5041 (5); A.P. Fontana 203 (5); A.S. Leão 128 (1); B. Lutz 646 (3); C. Farney 3870, 4126, 4477 (1); C. Kameyama 65 (14), 67 (10); C. Lindle 1828 (1); C.A.L. Oliveira 1508, 2060 (3); C.F.P. Martius s.n. (F20503) (14); C.M. Rizzini 166, 24877 (3); C.M.S. Lira 169, 246 (1); C.V. Freire 379 (5); D. Araujo 3168, 3239, 3738, 3868 (1), 4840, 6463 (5), 9408 (1), 9430 (2), 10476, 11106 (3); D. Braz 333 (9); D. Douglas s.n. (1); D. Flores 97 (3); D. Sucre 1168 (2), 1168, 3297, 7058 (3); D.B. Falkenberg 4472 (6); E. Bausen 472 (3); E. Costa 195 (3); E. Pereira 4041, 7192 (3); F. Segadas-Vianna s.n. (US 677), (US 1392) (2); F. Sellow 179 (1), 592 (2), s.n. (K 000529416!) (10), s.n. (BM 000949836!), s.n. (K 000529411), s.n. (K 000529412), s.n. (K 000529415) (3), L0B304 (3); F.E. Miranda 7 (1); F.Oliveira 424 (3); G. Gaudich. 457, 839 (1), 5136 (3); G. Hatschbach 359, 14697, 14717, 42495 (6), 68412 (10); G. Lindley s.n. (1); G. Pinto 588 (14); G.V. Nash 9634 (1); H. Luederwaldt s.n. (SP14699) (3); H.W. Schott 4723 (7), 4741 (8), 4743 (2); H.Z. Berardi 15 (1); I.A. Rodrigues 113 (1); I.H. Alcântara 123 (3); J. Fontella 2607 (1); J. Kallunki 602 (5); J. Miers 3739 (1); J. Tweedie s.n. (K 529417) (5); J. Vidal 39 (3); J. Weir 17 (8); J.B.E. Pohl 4736 (4), 5011 (8); J.C.A. Lima 219 (14); J.G. Jardim 1511, 3728 (13); J.L. Hage 508, 600, 962, 2133, 2212 (10); J.L. Paixão 67 (13); J.M.A. Braga 1823 (2), s.n. (3); J.P.P. Carauta 1402 (1), 4389 (4), 4932, 5053, 6951 (3), 6021 (8), 6948 (3); K. Csiba 15897 (1); L. Emygdio 1479, 45098 (5); L. Lollmann 10783 (5); L. Sergio 282 (3); L.B. Smith 6545 (2); L.F. Pabst s.n. (US, HB28125) (2); Lehnvoelse s.n. (US14915) (2); M. Magalhães 2527 (5), 19540 (10), s.n. (5); M. Rosa 73 (3), 52205 (5), s.n. (GUA 23304) (3); M. Sobral 5468 (10); M.A.P. Wied-Neuw. s.n. (BR 2562175) (1); s.n. (BR 0000008058744), s.n. (BR 0000008096937), s.n. (BR 0000008096975), s.n. (herbarium Wied nr. 122) (3); s.n. (GZU 000250357) (10); s.n. (GZU 000251413) (11); M.B. Casari 116, 355 (1); M.C. Vianna 1526 (1), 1666 (3), 2094 (1), 2632 (2); M.C.F. Santos 81 (3), 230 (1); M.F. Frigoletto 20 (8); M.G. Santos 391 (1); N. Taylor 9634 (1); N.T. Lund s.n. (5); O. Harvey 30 (13); P. Fiasch 1094 (13); P.H.E. Labiak 1904 (6); P.J.M. Maas 6977 (10), 8414 (1); R. Andreata 479 (1); R. Kummrow 2539 (6); R. Mello-Silva 1170 (5); R. Reitz 6768, 9813 (6); R. Ribeiro 231, 293 (3), 680, 2135 (1); R.B. Pineschi 31 (3); R.C. Forzza 5104 (12); R.N. Querino 84 (13); R.P. Belém 897 (10); R.P. Oliveira 747 (13); R.S. Bianchini 259 (2); S.R. Profice 11 (1); T.B. Croat 53725 (1); T.S. Santos 3409 (10); V. Demuner 472 (5); V.F. Ferreira 3949 (1); V.G. Trice 49 (1); W.J. Burchell 2538 (7).

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Côrtes, A.L.A., Daniel, T.F. & Rapini, A. Taxonomic revision of the genus Schaueria (Acanthaceae). Plant Syst Evol 302, 819–851 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-016-1301-y

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