Generation and initial characterization of Pseudomonas stutzeri KC mutants with impaired ability to degrade carbon tetrachloride

Abstract

Under iron-limiting conditions, Pseudomonas stutzeri KC secretes a small but as yet unidentified factor that transforms carbon tetrachloride (CT) to CO₂ and nonvolatile products when activated by reduction at cell membranes. Pseudomonas fluorescens and other cell types activate the factor. Triparental mating was used to generate kanamycin-resistant lux::Tn5 recombinants of strain KC. Recombinants were streaked onto the surface of agar medium plugs in microtiter plates and were then screened for carbon tetrachloride degradation by exposing the plates to gaseous ¹⁴C-carbon tetrachloride. CT⁺ recombinants generated nonvolatile ¹⁴C-labeled products, but four CT^– recombinants did not generate significant nonvolatile ¹⁴C-labeled products and had lost the ability to degrade carbon tetrachloride. When colonies of P. fluorescens were grown next to colonies of CT⁺ recombinants and were exposed to gaseous ¹⁴C-carbon tetrachloride, ¹⁴C-labeled products accumulated around the P. fluorescens colonies, indicating that the factor secreted by CT⁺ colonies had diffused through the agar and become activated. When P. fluorescens was grown next to CT^– colonies, little carbon tetrachloride transformation was observed, indicating a lack of active factor. Expression of lux reporter genes in three of the CT^– mutants was regulated by added iron and was induced under the same iron-limiting conditions that induce carbon tetrachloride transformation in the wild-type.