Abstract
The American College of Radiology-National Electrical Manufacturers Association (ACR-NEMA) Standard for Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) (NEMA PS3-1993, DICOM) enables interconnection of images over standard networks. The widespread adoption of DICOM by industry and the benefits of standardized image management have attracted international attention. Other medical specialties, dentistry, and veterinary medicine have indicated strong interest in extending the DICOM Standard to support nonradiological image modalities. Parts 1 through 9 of DICOM were published in 1992 and 1993. Additional features developed in response to requests from the user community are being added in DICOM Supplements. The ACR, NEMA, and committees from other medical specialties working under the coordination of the American National Standards Institute Healthcare Informatics Standards Planning Panel Message Standards Developers Subcommittee Joint Working Group for Diagnostic Image Communication have defined new image object classes to support X-Ray Angiography, Radio-Fluoroscopy, Positron Emission Tomography, Endoscopy, and Light Microscopy. ACR-NEMA has also developed new service classes ofr Storage Commitment and Worklist Management. In joint work with the standards development committee of the Japanese Industries for Radiation Apparatus and the Japanese Medical Information System Development Center, ACR-NEMA has developed specifications for multibyte character set support and for a DICOM file format for transportable media. Other work is in progress. New DICOM features have provided and can continue to provide significant new functionality for digital image management systems. The demonstrated capability of efficient extension of the base standard is evidence of the effectiveness of the object oriented strategy of DICOM.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Bidgood WD Jr, Horii SC: Introduction to the ACR-NEMA DICOM Standard. Radiographics 12:345–355, 1992.
Horii SC, Bidgood WD Jr: Network and ACR-NEMA Protocols. Radiographics 12:537–548, 1992.
Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM). NEMA PS 3.1-PS 3.12. Rosslyn, VA, The National Electrical Manufactures Association 1992–1995.
American College of Radiology, National Electrical Manufacturers Association (ACR-NEMA) Standarrds Publication number 300-1988 (ed 3): Digital Imaging and Communications. Washington, DC, National Electrical Manufacturers Association, 1989.
Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM). X-Ray Angiographic Image Objects and Media Storage. Rosslyn, VA, The National Electrical Manufacturers Association, 1995 (suppl 4)
Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM). Supplement for Endoscopic Image Objects and Media Storage. Text for Public Review. Endoscopic Image Exchange Ad Hoc Committee. ASGE-ACR-NEMA. Rossly, VA, National Electrical Manufacturers Association, 1995.
ACR-NEMA DICOM (American College of Radiology, National Electrical Manufacturers Association Digital Imaging and Communications Standards Committee). Washington, DC, Secretariat: NEMA, 1996.
CEN/TC251 Medical Informatics Secretariat: BIN-IBN. Ghent. Belgium, 1995
Minutes of CEN/TC251/WG4: Medical Imaging and Multimedia. Brussels, June 19–20 1995. (Adoption of a subset of the ISIS Concept Model as the Domain Information of CEN/TC251/PT4-020: IS-Modality Interface Project Team.) CEN/TC251 Medical Informatics Secretariat: BIN-IBN, Ghent, Belgium, 1995.
Minutes of the Joint Meeting of ACR-NEMA WG9 and HL7. Atlanta, GA, May 17–18 1995. Ann Arbor, MI, Health Level Seven, Inc. 1995.
Minutes of CAP-IEC: College of American Pathologists Image Exchange Committee. November 12, 1994. January 3–4 1995, March 18–19 1995, and JUne 3–4, 1995. Waukegan, IL, College of American Pathologists, 1995.
EIMEX: Endoscopic Image Exhange Committee. American Society for Gastrontestinal Endoscopy, 1995.
MIPS: Type 2 Medical Image Processing System Standardization (for Data Interchange over Medical Networks). Tokyo, Japan, Japan Industries Association of Radiation Apparatus, 1995.
JAHIS: Japanese Association for Healthcare Information Systems. Tokyo. (W.D.B.: Personal Communication, June 21, 1995, Toyoda K. Vice chairman, Executive Division).
ISAC: Image Save and Carry Standard. Tokyo, Japan, Medical Information Development Center, July 123, 1995.
Request and report messages for diagnostic service departments. Medical Informatics CEN/TC 251/N95-027 Draft First Working Document (Red Cover Procedure) CEN/TC 251/PT3-022 BC-IT-M-021, vol 1.1. 1995-08-18
National Health Information Modeling Project: Canberra, Australia, The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 1995
Minutes of the Joint Meeting of ACR-NEMA WG9 and HL7. Atlanta, GA, May 17–18, 1995. Ann Arbor. MI, Health Level Seven Inc, 1995 (ISIS model accepted as the basis for future joint development work.)
Minutes of the CAP-IEC. New York, NY, June 3–4, 1995, Northfield, IL, College of American Pathologists, 1995 (ISIS model adopted for standardization of all Pathology imaging modalities.)
Minutes of the CEN/TC241/WG4. Brussels, Belgium, June 19–20, 1995. CEN/TC251 Medical Informatics Secretariat: BIN-IBN. Ghent, Belgium, 1995, (A subset of the ISIS model adopted as the Domain Information Model of PT4-020 for the Imaging System-Modality interface.)
Minutes of CEN/TC251/WG4 June 19–20, 1995. CEN/TC251 Medical Informatics Secretariat: BIN-IBN. Ghent, Belgium, 1995, (Resolution to CEN/TC251 WG3 indicating the consensus of WG4 Medical Imaging and Multimedia on the request/report concepts of the ISIS model.)
Bidgood WD Jr: Invited Presentation on the ISIS Project: “Report on study of commonalities between HL7. DICOM, WG4 and WG3.” Lund, Sweden, June 17, 1995. Minutes of CEN/TC251/WG3. Lund, Sweden, June 17–18, 1995. CEN/TC251 Medical Informatics Secretariat: BIN-IBN, Ghent, Belgium, 1995.
Bidgood WD Jr: Comments on: TC251 PT3-022 Request and report messages for diagnostic service departments Red Cover Document. In document TC251 WG3 N218, Minutes of CEN/TC251/WG3. Lund, Sweden, June 17–18, 1995. CEN/TC251 Medical Informatics Secretariat: BIN-IBN. Ghent, Belgium, 1995
Bidgood WD Jr: Invited Presentation on the ISIS Project: “Report on study of commonalities between HL7, DICOM, WG4 and WG3”. AHCPR Working Meeting between ANSI HISPP and CEN/TC251 WG1: Medical Records and Modeling. Boston, MA, June 21, 1995. Fitzmaurice M (ed): Report of the Working Meeting between ANSI HISPP and CEN/TC251 WG1: Medical Records and Modeling. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. Washington, DC, 1995, (inpress)
Markwell DA: CEN TC251 PT3-022 Alignment with TC251 WG4 and ISIS, July 27, 1995. IST/35/-4/210 Document P22ALIGN.DOC. Birmingham, UK, NHS Information Management Center, British Institute of Standards and Technology.
Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (MEDICOM/DICOM). Basic Worklist Management (Modality Worklist Management SOP Class). Text for Public Review. Rosslyn, VA, The National Electrical Manufacturers Association, 1995 (suppl 10)
Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (MEDICOM/DICOM). Storage Commitment Service Class. Text for Letter Ballot. Rosslyn, VA, The National Electrical Manufacturers Association, 1995 (suppl 8)
American College of Cardiology: Digital interchange standard for cardiology (DISC) '95. Distributed as a CD at the 44th Annual Scientific Session of the ACC meeting. New Orleans, LA, March 19–22, 1995.
Bidgood WD Jr, Tracy W.: In Search of the Name. Proceedings of the Seventeenth Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care. October 30–November 3, 1993. American Medical Informatics Association. New York, NY. McGraw-Hill, pp 54–58
ANSI HISPP MSDS Common Data Types for Harmonization of Communications Standards in Medical Informatics. Bidgood WD Jr (ed): ANSI HISPP Message Standards Developers Subcommittee. October 30, 1993, (Reprinted in full in the Minutes of the ANSI HISPP MSDS Joint Working Group for Common Data Types. May 19, 1995). Atlanta, GA, Health Level Seven, Inc. Ann Arbor. MI, 1995
Parsons DM, Kim Y, Haynor DR: Quality control of cathode-ray tube monitors for medical imaging using a simple photometer. J Digit Imaging 8:10–20, 1995.
Hemminger BM, Johnston RE, Rolland JP, et al: Introduction to perceptual linearization of video display systems for medical image presentation. J Digit Imaging 8:21–34, 1995.
Lindberg DAB, Humphreys BL, McCray AT: The Unified Medical Language System. Methods of Information in Medicine 32:281–291, 1993.
Medical subject headings. Bethesda, MD, National Library of Medicine, 1995
Helth Level Seven: An Application Protocol for Electronic Data Exchange In Healthcare Environments. Version 2.2, Ann Arbor, MI, Health Level Seven, Inc., 1994.
Request and report messages for diagnostic service departments. Medical Informatics CEN/TC 251/N95-027 Draft First Working Document (Red Cover Procedure) CEN/TC 251/PT3-022 BC-IT-M-021 vol 1.1. 1995-08-18
Minutes of the Joint Meeting of HL7, ACR-NEMA WG9, CEN/TC251 WG4 and CAP-IEC. Kansas City, MO, September 28, 1995, Ann Arbor, MI, Health Level Seven. Inc., 1995
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Supported in part by the National Library of Medicine, the American College of Radiology, Duke University, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, the University of Florida, the College of American Pathologists, and the European COmmittee for Standardization.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bidgood, W.D., Horii, S.C. Modular extension of the ACR-NEMA DICOM standard to support new diagnostic imaging modalities and services. J Digit Imaging 9, 67–77 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03168859
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03168859