Abstract
Fulvenes have attracted the interest of the chemist since the turn of the century [2–6]. Historically, fulvene has been ascribed to 5-methylene-l,3-cyclopentadiene (I), the five-membered cross-conjugated isomer of benzene. However, advances in the chemistry of non-benzenoid aromatics during the past score years have prompted a generalization of the concept of fulvene [7]. [n] Fulvene is a Cn+1 H n +1 conjugated hydrocarbon (II) in which the carbon atoms belong to the point group C 2v and form a skeleton composed of a polygon, containing an odd number of atoms n, that is connected to a single atom lying outside of the polygon. In this context, the original fulvene becomes pentafulvene ([5] fulvene). [n, m] Fulvalene is a C n +m H n + m - 2 conjugated hydrocarbon (III), the carbon atoms of which belong to the point group C 2v and form a skeleton composed of two polygons, that are connected directly and externally to one another, and each of which contains an odd number of atoms, n and m, respectively, with n<m. When n = m, the [n, m] fulvalene is denoted [n] fulvalene; in this case, it belongs to the point group D 2h . The fulvenes and the fulvalenes are thus nonbenzenoid, non-alternant, classical, cross-conjugated π-electron systems.
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Agranat, I., Berlman, I.B., Richter, Y. (1976). Ground-State Versus Excited-State Polarity of Triafulvenes: A Study of Solvent Effects on Molecular Electronic Spectra[1]. In: Pullman, B. (eds) Environmental Effects on Molecular Structure and Properties. The Jerusalem Symposia on Quantum Chemistry and Biochemistry, vol 8. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-1837-1_36
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