Abstract
We prove that there are no black-box reductions from Collision-Free Hash Functions to secure time-stamping schemes, which means that in principle secure time-stamping schemes may exist even if there exist no collision-resistant hash functions. We show that there is an oracle relative to which there exist secure time-stamping schemes but no hash function is collision-free. The oracle we use is not new — a similar idea was already used by Simon in 1998 to show that collision-free hash functions cannot be constructed from one-way permutations in a black-box way. Our oracle contains a random hash function family f and a universal collision-finder A. We show that hash-tree time-stamping schemes that use f as a hash function remain secure even in the presence of A. From more practical view, our result is an implicit confirmation that collision-finding attacks against hash functions will tell us quite little about the security of hash-tree time-stamping schemes and that we need more dedicated research about back-dating attacks against practical hash functions.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bayer, D., Haber, S., Stornetta, W.-S.: Improving the efficiency and reliability of digital time-stamping. In: Sequences II: Methods in Communication, Security, and Computer Science, pp. 329–334. Springer, New York (1993)
Buldas, A., Laur, S.: Do broken hash functions affect the security of time-stamping schemes? In: Zhou, J., Yung, M., Bao, F. (eds.) ACNS 2006. LNCS, vol. 3989, pp. 50–65. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)
Buldas, A., Saarepera, M.: On Provably Secure Time-Stamping Schemes. In: Lee, P.J. (ed.) ASIACRYPT 2004. LNCS, vol. 3329, pp. 500–514. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Gertner, Y., Kannan, S., Malkin, T., Reingold, O., Viswanathan, M.: The relationship between public key encryption and oblivious transfer. In: 41st Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, Redondo Beach, California, pp. 325–335 (November 2000)
Haber, S., Stornetta, W.-S.: Secure Names for Bit-Strings. In: on Computer and Communications Security, pp. 28–35 (1997)
Hsiao, C.-Y., Reyzin, L.: Finding Collisions on a Public Road, or Do Secure Hash Functions Need Secret Coins? In: Franklin, M. (ed.) CRYPTO 2004. LNCS, vol. 3152, pp. 92–105. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Impagliazzo, R., Rudich, S.: Limits on the provable consequences of one-way permutations. In: Proc. of the Twenty First Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, pp. 44–61. ACM Press, New York (1989)
Kelsey, J., Konho, T.: Herding hash functions and the Nostradamus attack. In: IACR e-print archive, p. 281 (2006)
Merkle, R.C.: Protocols for public-key cryptosystems. In: Proceedings of the 1980 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, pp. 122–134. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos (1980)
Reingold, O., Trevisan, L., Vadhan, S.: Notions of reducibility between cryptographic primitives. In: Naor, M. (ed.) TCC 2004. LNCS, vol. 2951, pp. 1–20. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Rijmen, V., Oswald, E.: Update on SHA-1. In: Menezes, A.J. (ed.) CT-RSA 2005. LNCS, vol. 3376, pp. 58–71. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)
Simon, D.: Finding Collisions on a One-Way Street: Can Secure Hash Functions Be Based on General Assumptions? In: Nyberg, K. (ed.) EUROCRYPT 1998. LNCS, vol. 1403, pp. 334–345. Springer, Heidelberg (1998)
Wang, X., Lai, X., Feng, D., Chen, H., Yu, X.: Cryptanalysis of the Hash Functions MD4 and RIPEMD. In: Cramer, R.J.F. (ed.) EUROCRYPT 2005. LNCS, vol. 3494, pp. 1–18. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)
Wang, X., Yu, H.: How to Break MD5 and Other Hash Functions. In: Cramer, R.J.F. (ed.) EUROCRYPT 2005. LNCS, vol. 3494, pp. 19–35. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)
Wang, X., Yin, Y.L., Yu, H.: Finding Collisions in the Full SHA-1. In: Shoup, V. (ed.) CRYPTO 2005. LNCS, vol. 3621, pp. 17–36. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)
Wang, X., Yu, H., Yin, Y.L.: Efficient Collision Search Attacks on SHA-0. In: Shoup, V. (ed.) CRYPTO 2005. LNCS, vol. 3621, pp. 1–16. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Buldas, A., Jürgenson, A. (2007). Does Secure Time-Stamping Imply Collision-Free Hash Functions?. In: Susilo, W., Liu, J.K., Mu, Y. (eds) Provable Security. ProvSec 2007. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 4784. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75670-5_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75670-5_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-75669-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-75670-5
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)