Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Progress in Drug Research / Fortschritte der Arzneimittelforschung / Progrès des recherches pharmaceutiques pp 171–297Cite as

The new generation of monoamine oxidase inhibitors

  • Chapter

Abstract

The development of monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors has followed a winding path. At the origin was the finding of E. A. Zeller that iproniazid, a hydrazine derivative designed to improve the tuberculostatic action of isoniazid, caused potent inhibition of MAO in vitro and in vivo. The inhibitor also exerted in vivo activity in the brain, subsequent pharmacological research indicating that this inhibition led to changes of cerebral functions [1]. Although the drug had no overt behavioral effects in animals when given alone, it modified the action of reserpine, one of the first modern psychotropic drugs. Thus, administration of iproniazid prior to reserpine unexpectedly antagonized the decreases in locomotor activity and in 5-hydroxy-tryptamine (5 HT) levels induced by reserpine in the brain, the animals sometimes even showing locomotor stimulation [1]. Since one serious side effect of reserpine in man was known to be mental depression, the antagonism of reserpine by iproniazid hinted at the possibility that this drug might be of use in the treatment of mood disorders. However, the actual breakthrough for the development of iproniazid as an antidepressant came from clinical observations. Various investigators had reported psychostimulant side effects of the MAO inhibitor in patients with tuberculosis and other chronic diseases.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Abbreviations

CNS:

Central nervous system

CSF:

Cerebrospinal fluid

DHPG:

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol

DOPAC:

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid

DSM:

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental depression

FAD:

Flavin-adenine diphosphate

HAMD:

Hamilton depression rating scale

5 HIAA:

5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid

5 HT:

5-Hydroxytryptamine

HVA:

Homovanillic acid

ICD:

International classification of diseases (WHO)

L-Dopa:

L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (levodopa)

MAO:

Monoamine oxidase

MHPG:

3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol

MPDP+ :

1 -Methyl-4-phenyl-dihydropyridinium

MPP+ :

1 -Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium

MPTP:

l-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine

PET:

Positron emission tomography

References (up to September, 1991)

  1. A. Pletscher: The discovery of antidepressants: a winding path. Experientia 47: 4–8, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. A. Pletscher, K. F. Gey, W. P. Burkard: Inhibitors of monoamine oxidase and decarboxylase of aromatic amino acids. In: O. Eichler, A. Farah, eds. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Vol. XIX: 5-Hydroxytryptamine and Related Indolealkylamines. Berlin: Springer Verlag, pp. 593–735, 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  3. E. A. Zeller: Diamine oxidase. In: P. D. Boyer, H. Lardy, K. Myrbäck, eds. The Enzymes, Vol.8, 2nd. edn. London: Academic Press, pp. 313–335, 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  4. E. A. Zeller: Classification and nomenclature of monoamine oxidases and other amine oxidases. In: T. P. Singer, R. W. von Korff, D. L. Murphy, eds. Monoamine Oxidases: Structure, Function, and Altered Functions. London: Academic Press, pp. 531–537, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  5. H. Blaschko: The natural history of amine oxidases. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 70: 83–148, 1974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. F. Buffoni: Histaminase and related amine oxidases. Pharmacol Rev 18: 1163–1199, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  7. L. Oreland, B. Callingham, eds.: Monoamine Oxidase Enzymes. J Neural Transm, [Suppl] 23, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  8. T. Egashira: Studies on monoamine oxidase. XVIII. Enzymic properties of placental monoamine oxidase. Jap J Pharmac 26: 493–500, 1976.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. W. Weyler, J. I. Salach: Purification and properties of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase type A from human placenta. J Biol Chem 260: 13199–13207, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  10. L. A. Riley, M. A. Waguespack, R. M. Denney: Characterization and quantification of monoamine oxidases A and B in mitochondria from human placenta. Molec Pharmacol 36: 544–560, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  11. C. H. Donnelly, D. L. Murphy: Substrate- and inhibitor-related characteristics of human platelet monoamine oxidase. Biochem Pharmacol 26: 852–858, 1977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. P. A. Bond, R. L. Cundall: Properties of monoamine oxidase (MAO) in human blood platelets, plasma, lymphocytes and granulocytes. Clin Chim Acta 80: 317–326, 1977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. M. B. H. Youdim, J. P. M. Finberg: New directions in monoamine oxidase A and B selective inhibitors and substrates. Biochem Pharmacol 41: 155–162, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. D. H. Gurne, E. A. Zeller: Monoamine oxidase type A from human placental mitochondria: isolation procedure and properties. In: V. Massey, C. H. Williams, eds. Flavins and Flavoproteins. New York: Elsevier-North Holland, pp. 428–432, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  15. G. A. S. Ansari, N. T. Patel, R. R. Fritz, C. W. Abell: Purification of human platelet monoamine oxidase B by high performance liquid chromatography. J Liq Chromat 6: 1407–1419, 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. A. M. Cesura, R. Imhof, D. Muggli-Maniglio, G. B. Picotti, M. Da Prada: Characterization of [3H]Ro 16–6491 binding to digitonin solubilized monoamine oxidase-B and purification of the enzyme from human platelets by affinity chromatography. Biochem. Pharmacol 39: 216–220, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  17. L. M. Kochersperger, L. A. Waguespack, J. C. Patterson, C. C. W. Hsieh, W. Weyler, I. I. Salach, R. M. Denney: Immunological uniqueness of human monoamine oxidase A and B. New evidence from studies with monoclonal antibodies to human monoamine oxidase A. J Neurochem 5: 2874–2881, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  18. R. M. Denney, N. T. Patel, R. R. Fritz, C. W. Abell: A monoclonal antibody elicited to human platelet monoamine oxidase. Isolation and specificity for human monoamine oxidase B but not A. Molec Pharmac 22: 500–508, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  19. R. M. Denney, C. B. Denney: An update on the identity crisis of monoamine oxidase: new and old evidence for the independence of MAO A and B. Pharmac Ther 30: 227–259, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. A. M. O’Carroll, C. J. Fowler, J. O. Phillips, I. Tobbia, K. F. Tipton: The deamination of dopamine by human brain monoamine oxidase. Specificity for the two enzyme forms in seven brain regions. Naunyn-Schmiede-berg’s Arch Pharmacol 322: 198–202, 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. L. Oreland, Y. Arai, A. Stenström, C. J. Fowler: Monoamine oxidase activity and localization in the brain and the activity in relation to psychiatric disorders. In: H. Beckmann, P. Riederer, eds. Monoamine Oxidase and its Selective Inhibitors. Basel: Karger, pp. 246–254, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  22. L. Oreland, Y. Arai, A. Stenström: The activity of deprenyl (selegiline) on intra- and extraneuronal dopamine oxidation. Acta Neurol Scand 95: 81–85, 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. P. C. Waldmeier: Amine oxidases and their endogenous substrates (with special reference to monoamine oxidase and the brain). J Neural Transm [Suppl] 23: 55–72, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  24. C. W. Abell, R. M. Denney, K. N. Westlund: Localization and function of monoamine oxidases A and B. In: Progress in Catecholamine Research, Part A: Basic Aspects and Peripheral Mechanisms. New York: Alan R. Liss, pp. 103–108, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  25. W. Weyler, Y.-P. P. Hsu, X. O. Breakefield: Biochemistry and genetics of monoamine oxidase. Pharmac Ther 47: 391–417, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. R. C. Graham, M.J. Karnovsky: The histochemical demonstration of monoamine oxidase by coupled peroxidatic oxidation. J Histochem Cytochem 13: 604–605, 1965.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Y. Arai, H. Kimura, T. Maeda: Topographic atlas of monoamine oxidase-containing neurons in the rat brain studied by an improved histochemical method. Neurosci 19: 905–925, 1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. S. Kishimoto, H. Kimura, T. Maeda: Histochemical demonstration for monoamine oxidase (MAO) by a new coupled peroxidation method. Cellular & Molecular Biology 29: 61–69, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  29. T. Maeda, H. Kimura, T. Nagai, H. Imai, R. Arai, T. Sakumoto, K. Sakai, K. Kitahama, M. Jouvet: Histochemistry of the magnocellular neurons in the posterior hypothalamus, with special reference to MAO activity and ability of 5 HTP uptake and decarboxylation. Acta Histochem Cytochem 17: 179–193, 1984.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. K. Kitahama, R. Arai, T. Maeda, M. Jouvet: Demonstration of MAO-B in serotoninergic and MAO-A in noradrenergic neurons in the cat dorsal pontine tegmentum by an improved histochemical technique. Neurosci Lett 71: 19–24, 1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. T. Maeda, H. Imai, R. Arai, H. Tago, T. Nagai, T. Sakumoto, K. Kitahama, B. Onteniente, H. Imura: An improved coupled peroxidatic oxidation method of MAO histochemistry for neuroanatomical research at light and electron microscopic levels. Cellular & Molecular Biology 33: 1–11, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  32. K. Kitahama, H. Kimura, T. Maeda, M. Jouvet: Distribution of two types of monoamine oxidase-containing neurons in the cat medulla oblongata demonstrated by an improved histochemical method. Neurosci 20: 991–999, 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. K. Kitahama, M. Sallanon, J.-S. Lin, T. Maeda, M. Jouvet: Type B monoamine oxidase-containing cells and fibers in the cat hypothalamus demonstrated by an improved enzyme histochemical method. J Compar Neurol 285: 218–230, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. C. Konradi, J. Kornhuber, L. Froelich, J. Fritze, H. Heinsen, H. Beckmann, E. Schulz, P. Riederer: Demonstration of monoamine oxidase-A and -B in the human brainstem by a histochemical technique. Neurosci 33: 383–400, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. C. Konradi, P. Riederer, H. Hensen: Histochemistry of MAO subtypes in the brainstem of humans: a relation to the radical hypothesis of Parkinson’s disease? In: Przuntek, P. Riederer, eds. Early Diagnosis and Preventive Therapy in Parkinson’s Disease. Wien: Springer Verlag, pp. 243–248, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  36. J. Willoughby, V. Glover, M. Sandler: Histochemical localisation of MAO-A and -B in rat brain. J Neural Transm 74: 29–42, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. P. Levitt, J. E. Pintar, X. O. Breakefield: Immunocytochemical demonstration of MAO-B in brain astrocytes and serotoninergic neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79: 6385–6389, 1982.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. K. N. Westlund, R. M. Denney, L. M. Kochersperger, R. M. Rose, C. W. Abell: Distinct MAO A and MAO B populations in the primate brain. Science 230: 181–183, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. L. W. Thorpe, K. N. Westlund, L. M. Kochersperger, C. W. Abell, R. M. Denney: Immunocytochemical localization of MAO-A and -B in human peripheral tissues and brain. J Histochem Cytochem 35: 23–32, 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. K. N. Westlund, R. M. Denney, R. M. Rose, C. W. Abell: Localization of distinct monoamine oxidase A and monoamine oxidase B cell populations in human brainstem. Neurosci 25: 439–456, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. C. Konradi, K. Jellinger, P. Riederer, P. Denney, J.Thibault: Topographic immunocyto-chemical mapping of MAO-A, MAO-B and tyrosine hydroxylase in human post mortem brain stem. Neurosci 26: 791–802, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. J. A. Javitch, G. R. Uhl, S. H. Snyder: Parkinsonism-inducing neurotoxin, N-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine: characterization and localization of receptor binding sites in rat and human brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81: 4591–4595, 1984.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. B. Parsons, T. C. Rainbow: High-affinity binding sites for 3H-MPTP may correspond to MAO. Eur J Pharmacol 102: 375–377, 1984.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. T. C. Rainbow, B. Parsons, C. M. Wieczorek, S. Manaker: Localization in rat brain of binding sites for Parkinsonian toxin MPTP: similarities with 3H-pargyline binding to MAO. Brain Res 330: 337–343, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. J. G. Richards, J. Saura Marti, A. M. Cesura, M. Da Prada: Quantitative enzyme radioautography with [3H]Ro 19–6327: localization of MAO-B in rat CNS, peripheral organs und human brain. Pharmacol Res Commun 20, (Suppl IV): 91–92, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. J. G. Richards, J. Saura, J. Ulrich, M. Da Prada: Molecular neuroanatomy of monoamine oxidases. Psychopharmacology 106 [Suppl]: 21–23, 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. S. S. Jossan, P. G. Gillberg, R. d’Argy, S. M. Aquilonius, B. Langstrom, C. Halldin, L. Oreland: Quantitative localization of human brain monoamine oxidase by large section autoradiography using L- (3H)deprenyl. Brain Res 547: 69–76, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. J. Saura Marti, R. Kettler, M. Da Prada, J. G. Richards: Molecular neuroanatomy of MAO-A and MAO-B. J Neural Transm. [Suppl] 32: 49–53, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  49. J. Saura, R. Kettler, M. Da Prada, J. G. Richards: Quantitative enzyme radioautography with (3H)Ro 41–1049 and (3H)Ro 19–6327 in vitro: localization and abundance of MAO-A and MAO-B in rat CNS, peripheral organs and human brain. J Neurosci, 1992, in press.

    Google Scholar 

  50. A. M. Cesura, J. G. Richards, G. B. Picotti, R. Kettler, R. Imhof, M. Da Prada: Reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors: from laboratory to clinic. In: H. Yasuhara, S. Parvez, M. Sandler, K. Oguchi, T. Nagatsu, eds. Monoamine Oxidase: Basic and Clinical Aspects. The Netherlands: VSP Press, 1992, in press.

    Google Scholar 

  51. G. Moll, R. Moll, P. Riederer, W. Gsell, H. Heinsen, R. M. Denney: Immunofluorescence cytochemistry on thin frozen sections of human substantia nigra for staining of monoamine oxidase A and monoamine oxidase B: a pilot study. J Neural Transm [Suppl] 32: 67–77, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  52. S. Nakamura, T. Kawamata, O. Yasuhara, I. Akiguchi, J. Kimura, H. Kimura, T. Kimura: The histochemical demonstration of monoamine oxidase-containing neurons in the human hypothalamus. Neurosci 44: 457–463, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. J. S. Lin, P. Fort, K. Kitahama, P. Panula, R. M. Denney, M. Jouvet: Immunohistochemical evidence for the presence of type B monoamine oxidase in histamine-containing neurons in the posterior hypothalamus of cats. Neurosci Lett 128: 61–65, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. K. Kitahama, R. M. Denney, T. Maeda, J. Jouvet: Distribution of type B monoamine oxidase immunoreactivity in the cat brain with reference to enzyme histochemistry. Neurosci 44: 185–204, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. H. W. M. Steinbusch, A. H. Mulder: Immunohistochemical localization of histamine in neurons and mast cells in the rat brain. In: Björklund, Hökfelt, eds. Handbook of Chemical Neuroanatomy, Vol.2: Classical Transmitters in the CNS, Part I. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers, pp. 126–140, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  56. A. M. Cesura, M. Bös, M. D. Galva, R. Imhof, M. Da Prada: Characterization of the binding of [3H]Ro 41–1049 to the active site of human monoamine oxidase-A. Molec Pharmacol 37: 358–366, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  57. A. M. Cesura, M. D. Galva, R. Imhof, E. Kyburz, G. B. Picotti, M. Da Prada: [3H]Ro 19–6327: a reversible ligand and affinity labelling probe for monoamine oxidase-B. Eur J Pharmacol 162: 457–465, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. M. Da Prada, R. Kettler, H. H. Keller, A. M. Cesura, J. G. Richards, J. Saura Marti, D. Muggli Maniglio, P.-C. Wyss, E. Kyburz, R. Imhof: From moclobemide to Ro 19–6327 and Ro 41—1049: the development of a new class of reversible, selective MAO-A and MAO-B inhibitors. J Neural Transm [Suppl] 29: 279–292, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  59. C. J. Fowler, R. R. MacGregor, A. P. Wolf, C. F. Arnett, S. L. Dewey, D. Scyler, D. Christman, J. Logan, M. Smith, H. Sachs, S. M. Aquilonius, P. Njurling, C. Halldin, P. Hartvig, K. L. Leenders, H. Lundqvist, L. Ore-land, C. G. Stålnacke, B. Langstrom: Mapping human brain MAO-A and -B with 11C-labeled suicide inactivators and PET. Science 23: 481–485, 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. S. S. Jossan, R. d’Argy, P. G. Gillberg, S. M. Aquilonius, B. Långström, C. Halldin, P. Bjurling, C. G. Stålnacke, J. C. Fowler, R. MacGregor, L. Oreland: Localization of monoamine oxidase B in human brain by au-toradiographical use of 11C-labelled L-deprenyl. J Neural Transm 77: 55–64, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. C. D. Arnett, J. S. Fowler, R. R. MacGregor, D.J. Schlyer, A. P. Wolf, B. Långström, C. Alldin: Turnover of brain monoamine oxidase in vivo by positron emission tomography using L-[11C]deprenly. J Neurochem 49: 522–527, 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. L. Oreland, S.S. Jossan, P. Hartvig, S. M. Aquilonius, B. Långström: Turnover of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) in pig brain by positron emission tomography using 11C-L-deprenyl. J Neural Transm [Suppl] 32: 55–59, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  63. C. J. Fowler, A. Wiberg, L. Oreland, J. Marcusson, B. Winblad: The effect of age on the activity and molecular properties of human brain monoamine oxidase. J Neural Transm 49: 1–20, 1980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. M. Strolin Benedetti, P. E. Keane: Differential changes in MAO-A and -B activity in the aging rat brain. J Neurochem 35: 1026–1032, 1980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Y. Arai, H. Kinemuchi: Differences between MAO concentrations in striatum and forebrain of aged and young rats. J Neural Transm 72: 99–105, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. M. Strolin Benedetti, P. Dostert: Monoamine oxidase, brain ageing and degenerative diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 38: 555–561, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. G. Cohen: Monoamine oxidase, hydrogen peroxide, and Parkinson’s disease. Adv Neurol 45: 119–125, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  68. G. Cohen: Monoamine oxidase and oxidative stress at dopaminergic synapses. J Neural Transm [Suppl] 32: 299–238, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  69. M. B. Spina, G. Cohen: Dopamine turnover and glutathione oxidation: implications for Parkinson disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86: 1398–1400, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. R. Werner, G. Cohen: Intramitochondrial formation of oxidized glutathione during the oxidation of benzylamine by monoamine oxidase. FEBS Lett 280: 44–46, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. M. B. H. Youdim, D. Ben-Shachar, P. Riederer: The role of monoamine oxidase, iron-melanin interaction, and intracellular calcium in Parkinson’s disease. J Neural Transm [Suppl] 32: 239–248, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  72. L. Oreland, C. G. Gottfries: Brain and brain monoamine oxidase in aging and dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiat 10: 533–540, 1986

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. K. J. Reinikanen, L. Paljärvi, T. Halonen, O. Malminen, V.-M. Kosma, M. Laakso, P.J. Riekkinen: Dopaminergic system and monoamine oxi-dase-B activity in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiology of Ageing 9: 245–252, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. S. S. Jossan, P.-G. Gillberg, I. Karlsson, C. G. Gottfries, L. Oreland: Visualization of brain monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) in dementia of Alzheimer’s type by means of large cryosection autoradiography: a pilot study. J Neural Transm [Suppl] 32: 61–65, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  75. S. Nakamura, T. Kawamata, I. Akiguchi, M. Kameyama, N. Nakamura, H. Kimura: Expression of monoamine oxidase B activity in astrocytes of senile plaques. Acta Neuropathol 80: 319–325, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. W. E. Haefely, W. P. Burkard, A. M. Cesura, R. Kettler, H. P. Lorez, J. R. Martin, J. G. Richards, R. Scherschlicht, M. Da Prada: Biochemistry and pharmacology of moclobemide, a prototype R. I.M.A. Psychopharmacology 106 [Suppl]: 6–14, 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. R. N. Kalaria, S. I. Harik: Blood-brain barrier monoamine oxidase: enzyme characterization in cerebral microvessels and other tissues from six mammalian species, including human. J Neurochem 49: 856–864, 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. P.C. Waldmeier, J.J. Feldtrauer, L. Maître: Methylhistamine: evidence for selective deamination by MAO-B in the rat brain in vivo. J Neurochem 29: 785–790, 1977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. P. Dostert, M. Strolin Benedetti, K. F. Tipton: Interactions of monoamine oxidase with substates and inhibitors. Med Res Rev 9: 45–89, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. V. Glover, M. Sandler, F. Owen, G. Riley: Dopamine is a monoamine oxidase B substrate in man. Nature 265: 80–81, 1977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. K. T. Demarest, D. J. Smith, A. J. Azzaro: The presence of the type A form of monoamine oxidase within nigrostriatal dopamine-containing neurons. J Pharmac Exp Ther 215: 461–468, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  82. J. P. Johnston: Some observations upon a new inhibitor of monoamine oxidase in brain tissue. Biochem Pharmacol 17: 1285–1297, 1968.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. R. W. Fuller: Influence of substrate in the inhibition of rat liver and brain monoamine oxidase. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 174: 32–37, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  84. R. W. Fuller: Kinetic studies and effects in vivo of a new monoamine oxidase inhibitor, N-[2-(o-chlorophenoxy)-ethyl]-cycloprophylamine. Biochem Pharmacol 17: 2097–2107, 1968.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. M. B. H. Youdim, G. G. S. Collins, M. Sandler: Multiple forms of rat brain monoamine oxidase. Nature 223: 626–628, 1969.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. J. Knoll, K. Magyar: Some puzzling pharmacological effects of monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Adv Biochem Psychopharm 5: 393–408, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  87. A. J. W. Bach, N. C. Lan, D. L. Johnson, C. W. Abell, M. E. Bembenek, S. W. Kwan, P. Seeburg, J. C. Shih: cDNA cloning of human liver monoamine oxidase A and B: molecular basis of differences in enzymatic properties. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 4934–4938, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  88. Y.-P. P. Hsu, W. Weyler, S. Chen. K. B. Sims, W. B. Rinehart, M. Utter-back, J. F. Powell, X. O. Breakefield: Structural features of human monoamine oxidase A elucidated from cDNA and peptide sequences. J Neurochem 51: 1321–1324, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  89. J. F. Powell, Y.-P. P. Hsu, W. Weyler, S. Chen, J. Salach, K. Andrikopoulos, J. Mallet, X. O. Breakefield: The primary structure of bovine monoamine oxidase type A: comparison with peptide sequences of bovine monoamine oxidase type B and other flavoenzymes. Biochem J 259: 407–413, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  90. A. Ito, T. Kuwahara, S. Inadome, Y. Sagara: Molecular cloning of a cDNA for rat liver monoamine oxidase B. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 157: 970–976, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  91. T. Kuwahara, S. Takamoto, A. Ito: Primary structure of rat monoamine oxidase A deduced from cDNA and its expression in rat tissues. Agric Biol Chem 54: 253–257, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. J. F. Powell: Molecular biological studies of monoamine oxidase: structure and function. Biochem Soc Trans 19: 199–201, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  93. S.-W. Kwan, J. M. Bergeron, C. W. Abell: Molecular properties of monoamine oxidase A and B. Psychopharmacology 106 [Suppl]: 1–5, 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  94. R. K. Wierenga, P. Terpsta, W. G. J. Hol: Prediction of the occurrence of the ADP-binding beta-alpha-beta-fold in proteins, using an amino acid sequence fingerprint. J Molec Biol 187: 101–107, 1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  95. T. D. Porter, C. B. Kasper: NADPH-Cytochrome P-450 oxidoreductase: flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide domains evolved from different flavoproteins. Biochemistry 25: 1682–1687, 1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  96. L. D. Arscott, C. H. Williams, G. E. Schulz: Pig hearts lipoamide dehydrogenase and human erythrocyte glutathione reductase-homology in each of the three domains. In: V. Massey, C. H. Williams, eds. Flavins and Flavoproteins. New York: Elsevier-North Holland, pp. 44–88, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  97. E. B. Kearney, J. I. Salach, W. H. Walker, R. L. Seng, W. Kenney, E. Zes-zotek, T. P. Singer: The covalently-bound flavin of hepatic monoamine oxidase. Isolation and sequence of a flavin peptide and evidence for binding at the 8-alpha position. Eur J Biochem 24: 321–327, 1971.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  98. H. Y. K. Chuang, D. R. Patek, L. Hellerman: Mitochondrial monoamine oxidase. Inactivation by pargyline. Adduct formation. J Biol Chem 249: 2381–2384, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  99. N. Minamura, K. T. Yasunobu: Bovine liver monoamine oxidase: a modified purification procedure and preliminary evidence for two subunits and one FAD. Archs Biochem Biophys 189: 481–489, 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  100. L. Oreland, H. Kinemuchi, T. Stigbrand: Pig liver monoamine oxidase: studies on the subunit structure. Archs Biochem Biophys 159: 851–860, 1973.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  101. R. M. Cawthon, J. E. Pintar, F. P. Haseltine, X. O. Breakefield: Differences in the structure of A and B forms of human monoamine oxidase. J Neurochem 37: 363–372, 1981.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  102. W. Weyler: Monoamine oxidase A from human placenta and monoamine oxidase from bovine liver both have one FAD per subunit. An important revision. Biochem J 260: 726–729, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  103. H. L. White, D. K. Stine: Monoamine oxidase A and B as components of a membrane complex. J Neurochem 38: 1429–1436, 1982.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  104. H. L. White, D. K. Stine: Selective effects of proteases and phospholipase A 2 on monoamine oxidase A and B of human brain and liver. J Neurochem 42: 1743–1751, 1984.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  105. N. C. Lan, C. H. Chen, J. C. Shih: Expression of functional human monoamine oxidase A and B cDNAs in mammalian cells. J Neurochem 52: 1652–1654, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  106. W. Weyler, C. C. Titlow, J. I. Salach: Catalytically active monoamine oxidase type A from human liver expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains covalent FAD. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 173: 1205–1211, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  107. D. Smith, R. McCauley: The processing and assembly of rat liver MAO. In: E. Usdin, N. Weiner, M. B. H. Youdim, eds. Function and Regulation of Monoamine Enzymes. London: McMillan, pp. 503–508, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  108. V. Bonnefil, C. M. Castiglione, R. M. Cawthon, X. O. Breakefield: Effect of riboflavin on monoamine oxidase activity in cultured neuroblastoma cells. Cell Molec Neurobiol 4: 351–359, 1981.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  109. Z. Zhuang, M. Hogan, R. McCauley: The in vitro insertion of monoamine oxidase B into mitochondrial outer membranes. FEBS Lett 328: 185–190, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  110. Z. Zhaung, R. McCauley: Ubiquitin is involved in the in vitro insertion of monoamine oxidase B into mitochondrial outer membanes. J Biol Chem 264: 14594–14596, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  111. T. Hase, U. Muller, H. Riezman, G. Schatz: A 70-kd protein of the yeast mitochondrial outer membrane is targeted and anchored via its extreme amino terminus. EMBO J 3: 3157–3164, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  112. F.-U. Hartl, N. Pfanner, D.W. Nicholson, W. Neupert: Mitochondrial protein import. Biochim Biophys Acta 988: 1–45, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  113. R. E. Dalbey: Positively charged residues are important determinants of membrane protein topology. TIBS 15: 253–257, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  114. S. M. Russell, J. Davey, R. J. Mayer: The vectorial orientation of human monoamine oxidase in the mitochondrial outer membrane. Biochem J 181: 7–14, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  115. T. D. Buckman, M. S. Sutphin, S. Eiduson: Proteases as probes of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase topography in situ. Molec Pharmacol 25: 165–170, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  116. A. Tzagoloff, A. M. Myers: Genetics of mitochondrial biogenesis. A Rev Biochem 55: 249–285, 1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  117. K. Verner, G. Schatz: Protein translocation across membranes. Science 241: 1307–1313, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  118. Y. Sagara, A. Ito: In vitro synthesis of monoamine oxidase of rat liver outer mitochondrial membrane. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 109: 1102–1107, 1982.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  119. J. C. Shih: Molecular basis of human MAO A and B. Neuropsychopharmacol 4: 1–7, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  120. A. Nicotra, O. Senatori: Occurrence of type A and type B monoamine oxidase activities in toad egg mitochondria. Comp Biochem Physiol 78 C: 353–356, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  121. J. E. Pintar, J. Barbosa, U. Francke, C. M. Castiglione, M. Hawkins Jr., X. O. Breakefield: Gene for monoamine oxidase type A assigned to the human X chromosome. J Neurosci 1: 166–175, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  122. L. M. Kochersperger, E. L. Parker, M. Siciliano, G.J. Darlington, R. M. Denney: Assignment of genes for human monoamine oxidase A and B to the X chromosome. J Neurosci Res 16: 601–619, 1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  123. L. Ozelius, Y.-P. Hsu, G. Bruns, J. F. Powell, S. Chen, W. Weyler, M. Ut-terback, D. Zucker, J. Haines, J. A. Trofatter, P. M. Conneally, J. F. Gusella, X. O. Breakefield: Human monoamine oxidase gene (MAOA): chromosome position (Xp21–p11) and DNA polymorphism. Genomics 3: 53–58, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  124. E. R. Levy, J. F. Powell, V.J. Buckle, H.-P. P. Hsu, X. O. Breakefield, I. W. Craig: Localization of human monoamine oxidase-A gene to Xp 11.23–11.4 by in situ hybridization: implications for Norrie disease. Genomics 5: 368–370, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  125. N. C. Lan, C. Heinzmann, A. Gal, I. Klisak, U. Orth, E. Lai, J. Grimsby, R. S. Sparkes, T. Mohandas, J. C. Shih: Human monoamine oxidase A and B genes map to Xp 11.23 and are deleted in a patient with Norrie disease. Genomics 4: 552–559, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  126. A. Gal, B. Wieringa, D. F. Smeets, L. M. Bleeker-Wagemakers, H. H. Ropers: Submicroscopic interstitial deletion of the X chromosome explains a complex genetic syndrome dominated by Norrie disease. Cytogenet Cell Genet 42: 219–224, 1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  127. K. B. Sims, A. DEla Chapelle, R. Norio, D. M. Sankila, Y.-P. P. Hsu, W. B. Rinehart, T. J. Corey, L. Ozelius, J. F. Powell, G. Bruns, J. F. Gusella, D. L. Murphy, X. O. Breakefield: Monoamine oxidase deficiency in males with an X chromosome deletion. Neuron 2: 1069–1076, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  128. K. B. Sims, L. Ozelius, T. Corey, W. B. Rinehart, R. Liberfarb, J. Haines, W. J. Chen, R. Norio, E. Sankila, A. DEla Chapelle, D. Murphy, J. Gusella, X. O. Braekefield: The Norrie disease gene is distinct from the monoamine oxidase genes. Am I Hum Genet 45: 424–434, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  129. J. Grimsby, K. Chen, L.-J. Wang, N. C. Lan, J. C. Shih: Human monoamine oxidase A and B genes exhibit identical exon-intron organization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88: 3637–3641, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  130. Z.-Y. Chen, G. S. Hotamisligil, J.-K. Huang, L. Weng, D. Ezzedine, N. Aydin-Muderrisoglu, J. F. Powell, R. H. Huang, X. O. Breakefield, I. Craig, Y.-P. P. Hsu: Structure of the human gene for monoamine oxidase type A. Nucl Acids Res 19: 4537–4541, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  131. J. C. Shih, J. Grimsby, K. Chen: The expression of human MAO-A and B genes. J Neural Transm [Suppl] 32: 41–47, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  132. H. L. White, D. K. Stine: Species differences in monoamine oxidase-A and -B as revealed by sensitivity to trypsin. Life Sci 35: 827–833, 1984.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  133. H. Kinemuchi, M. Sudo, M. Yoshino, T. Kawaguchi, Y. Sunami, K. Kamijo: A new type of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase distinct from type-A and type-B. Life Sci 32: 517–524, 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  134. D. L. Murphy: Are there diseases attributable to monoamine oxidase abnormalities? In: K. F. Tipton, P. Dostert, M. Strolin Benedetti, eds. Monoamine Oxidase and Disease: Prospects for Therapy with Reversible Inhibitors. New York: Academic Press, pp. 321–332, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  135. L. Oreland: The activity of human brain and thrombocyte monoamine oxidase (MAO) in relation to various psychiatric disorders. I. MAO activity in some disease states. In: T. P. Singer, R. W. von Korff, D. L. Murphy, eds. Monoamine Oxidase: Structure, Function and Altered Functions. New York: Academic Press, pp. 379–388, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  136. L. Oreland, E.G. Shaskan: Monoamine oxidase activity as a biological marker. TIPS 8: 339–341, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  137. E. Jr. Giller, C. Castiglione, J. Wojciechowski, X. O. Breakefield: Molecular properties of platelet MAO in psychiatric patients and controls. In: E. Usdin, E. Hanin, eds. Biological Markers in Psychiatry and Neurology. New York: Pergamon Press, pp. 111–121, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  138. R. M. Rose, S. Castellani, J. A. Boeringa, P. Malek-Ahmadi, D. A. Lank-ford, J. D. Bessman, R. R. Fritz, C. B. Denney, R. M. Denney, C. W. Abell: Platelet MAO concentration and molecular activity: II. Comparison of normal and schizophrenic populations. Psychiat Res 17: 141–151, 1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  139. S. Chen, W. Weyler: Partial amino acid sequence analysis of human placenta monoamine oxidase A and bovine liver monoamine oxidase B. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 156: 445–450, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  140. Y.-P. P. Hsu, J. F. Powell, K. B. Sims, X. O. Breakefield: Molecular genetics of the monoamine oxidases. J Neurochem 53: 12–18, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  141. a M. Strolin Benedetti, P. Dostert: Monoamine oxidase: from physiology and pathophysiology to the design and clinical application of reversible inhibitors. Advance Drug Research, 1992, in press.

    Google Scholar 

  142. O. Suzuki, Y. Katsumata, O. Masakazu: Substrate specificity of type A and type B monoamine oxidase. In: K. Kamijo, E. Usdin, T. Nagatsu, eds. Monoamine Oxidase: Basic and Clinical Frontiers. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, pp. 74–86, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  143. C. J. Fowler, K. F. Tipton: On the substrate specificities of the two forms of monoamine oxidase. J Pharm Pharmacol 36: 111–115, 1984.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  144. H. Kinemuchi, Y. Wakui, K. Kamijo: Substrate selectivity of type A and type B monoamine oxidase in rat brain. J Neurochem 35: 109–115, 1980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  145. K. F. Tipton, C. J. Fowler, M. D. Houslay: Specificities of the two forms of monoamine oxidase. In: K. Kamijo, E. Usdin, T. Nagatsu, eds. Monoamine Oxidase: Basic and Clinical Frontiers. Amsterdam: Excerpta Me-dica, pp. 87–99, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  146. H. Kinemuchi, C. J. Fowler, K. F. Tipton: Substrate specificities of the two forms of monoamine oxidase. In: K. F. Tipton, P. Dostert, M. Strolin Benedetti, eds. Monoamine Oxidase and Disease. Prospects for Therapy with Reversible Inhibitors. New York: Academic Press, pp. 53–62, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  147. P. Dostert, M. Strolin Benedetti: Structure-modulated recognition of substrates and inhibitors by monoamine oxidases A and B. Biochem Soc Trans 19: 207–211, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  148. K. F. Tipton, A.-M. O’Carroll, J. M. McCrodden: The catalytic behaviour of monoamine oxidase. J Neural Transm [Suppl] 23: 25–35, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  149. R. Ortmann, P. C. Waldmeier, E. Radeke, A. Feiner, A. Delini Stula: The effects of 5-HT uptake- and MAO-inhibitors on L-5-HTP-induced excitation in rats. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch Pharmacol 311: 185–192, 1980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  150. M. D. Houslay, K. F. Tipton: A kinetic evaluation of monoamine oxidase activity in rat liver mitochondrial outer membranes. Biochem J 139: 645–652, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  151. C. Gordidis, N. H. Neff: Monoamine oxidase in sympathetic nerves: a transmitter specific enzyme type. Br J Pharmacol 43: 814–818, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  152. N. Y. Yang, N. H. Neff: The monoamine oxidases of brain: selective inhibition with drugs and the consequences for the metabolism of the biogenic amines. J Pharmac Exp Ther 189: 733–740, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  153. H. L. White, A. T. Glassman: Multiple binding sites of human brain and liver monoamine oxidase: substrate specificities, selective inhibition, and attempts to separate enzyme forms. J. Neurochem 29: 987–997, 1977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  154. N. A. Garrick, D. L. Murphy: Monoamine oxidase type A: differences in selectivity towards 1-norepinephrine compared to serotonin. Biochem Pharmacol 31: 4061–4066, 1982.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  155. N. A. Garrick, M. Scheinin, W. H. Chand, M. Linnoila, D. L. Murphy: Differential effects of clorgyline on catecholamine and indoleamine metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid of rhesus monkeys. Biochem Pharmacol 33: 1423–1427, 1984.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  156. A. M. O’Carroll: The oxidation of noradrenaline by the two forms of human brain monoamine oxidase. In: K. F. Tipton, P. Dostert, M. Strolin Benedetti, eds. Monoamine Oxidase and Disease. Prospects for Therapy with Reversible Inhibitors. New York: Academic Press, pp. 593–594, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  157. R. W. Fuller, S. K. Hemrick-Luecke, K. W. Perry: Influence of harmaline on the ability of pargyline to alter catecholamine metabolism in rats. Biochem Pharmacol 30: 1295–1298, 1981.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  158. R. W. Fuller, S. K. Hemrick-Luecke: Elevation of epinephrine concentration in rat brain by LY 51641, a selective inhibitor of type A monoamine oxidase. Res Commun Chem Pathol 32: 207–221, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  159. I. N. Mefford, K. A. Roth, S. M. Jurik, V. Collman, S. McIntire: Epinephrine accumulation in rat brain after chronic administration of pargyline and LY 51641 — comparison with other brain amines. Brain Res 399: 342–345, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  160. O. J. Rafaelsen, N. H. Christensen, A. Gjerris: Adrenaline and MAO-inhibitionin CSF and brain. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol 56: 98–104, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  161. C. J. Fowler, A. M. O’Carroll, K. F. Tipton: Deamination of dopamine by monoamine oxidase A and B in the rat and in man. In: K. F. Tipton, P. Dostert, M. Strolin Benedetti, eds. Monoamine Oxidase and Disease. Prospects for Therapy with Reversible Inhibitors. New York: Academic Press, pp. 393–402, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  162. P. C. Waldmeier, A. Delini-Stula, L. Maître: Preferential deamination of dopamine by an A type monoamine oxidase in rat brain. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch Pharmacol 292: 9–14, 1976.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  163. A. Colzi, F. d’Agostini, R. Kettler, E. Borroni, M. Da Prada: Effect of selective and reversible MAO inhibitors on dopamine outflow in rat striatum: a microdialysis study. J Neural Transm [Suppl] 32: 79–84, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  164. N. A. Garrick, D. L. Murphy: Species differences in the deamination of dopamine and other substrates for mono-amine oxidase in brain. Psychopharmacology 72: 27–33, 1980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  165. N. A. Garrick, T. Seppala, M. Linnoila, D. L. Murphy: Rhesus monkey cerebrospinal fluid amine metabolite changes following treatment with the reversible monoamine oxidase type-A inhibitor cimoxatone. Psycho-pharmacology 86: 265–269, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  166. N. A. Garrick, T. Seppala, M. Linnoila, D. L. Murphy: The effects of amiflamine on cerebrospinal fluid amine metabolites in the rhesus monkey. Eur J Pharmacol 119: 1–9, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  167. K. F. Tipton, M. D. Houslay, N. J. Garrett: Allotopic properties of human brain monoamine oxidase. Nature 246: 213–214, 1973.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  168. J. A. Roth, K. Feor: Deamination of dopamine and its 3-O-methylated derivative by human brain monoamine oxidase. Biochem. Pharmacol 27: 1606–1608, 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  169. J. Knoll: The pharmacology of (-)deprenyl. J. Neural Transm [Suppl] 22: 75–89, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  170. C. Konradi, P. Riederer, K. Jellinger, R. Denney: Cellular action of MAO inhibitors. J Neural Transm [Suppl] 25: 15–25, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  171. D. L. Murphy, N. A. Garrick, C. S. Aulakh, R. M. Cohen: New contribution from basic science of understanding the effects of monoamine oxidase inhibiting antidepressants. J Clin Psychiat 45: 37–43, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  172. D. L. Murphy, T. Sunderland, N. A. Garrick, C. S. Aulakh, R. M. Cohen: Selective amine oxidase inhibitors: basic to clinical studies and back. In: Dahl, Gram, Potter, eds. Clinical Pharmacology in Psychiatry. Berlin: Springer Verlag, pp. 135–146, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  173. J. P. M. Finberg, M. B. H. Youdim: Reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors and the cheese effect. In: K. F. Tipton, P. Dostert, M. Strolin Benedetti, eds. Monoamine Oxidase and Disease. Prospects for Therapy with Reversible Inhibitors. New York: Academic Press, pp. 479–485, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  174. J. Axelrod, J. M. Saavedra: Octopamine, phenylethanolamine, phenyle-thylamine and tryptamine in the brain. In: Aromatic Amino Acids in the Brain, Ciba Foundation Symposium 2 (New Series). Amsterdam: Elsevier-Excerpta Medica, pp. 51–59, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  175. J. M. Saavedra: β-Phenylethylamine, phenylethanolamine, tyramine and octopamine. Handbk Exp Pharmacol 90/II: 181–210, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  176. A. A. Boulton: Identification, distribution, metabolism and function of meta- and para-tyramine, phenylethylamine and tryptamine in brain. Adv Biochem Psychopharmacol 15: 57–67, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  177. A.A. Boulton: Phenylethylaminergic modulation of catecholaminergic neurotransmission. Prog Neuro-Psychopharm Biol Psychiat 15: 139–156, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  178. D. L. Murphy, K. B. Sims, F. Karoum, A. De la Chapelle, R. Norio, E. M. Sankila, X. O. Breakefield: Marked amine and amine metabolite changes in Norrie disease patients with an X chromosome deletion affecting monoamine oxidase. J Neurochem 54: 242–247, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  179. D. L. Murphy, K. B. Sims, F. Karoum, N. A. Garrick, A. De la Chapelle, E. M. Sankila, R. Norio, X. O. Breakefield: Plasma amine oxidase activities in Norrie disease patients with an X-chromosomal deletion affecting monoamine oxidase. J Neural Transm [Gen Sect] 83: 1–12, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  180. J. M. Lizcano, D. Balsa, K. F. Tipton, M. Unzeta: The oxidation of dopamine by the semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) from rat vas deferens. Biochem Pharmacol 41: 1107–1110, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  181. R. S. Burns, C. C. Chiueh, S.P. Markey, M. H. Ebert, D. M. Jacobowitz, I. J. Kopin: A primate model of Parkinsonism: selective destruction of dopaminergic neurons in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra by N-me-thyl-4-phenyl-l, 2, 3, 5-tetrahydropyridine. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80: 4546–4550, 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  182. R. S. Burns, P. A. LeWitt, M. H. Ebert, H. Pakkenberg, I. J. Kopin: The clinical syndrome of striatal dopamine deficiency: Parkinsonism induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). N Engl J Med 312: 1418–1421, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  183. J. W. Langston, P. Ballard, J. W. Tetrud, I. Irwin: Chronic Parkinsonism in humans due to a product of meperidine-analog synthesis. Science 219: 979–980, 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  184. J. W. Langston, I. Irwin, E. B. Langston, L. S. Forno: Pargyline prevents MPTP-induced Parkinsonism in primates. Science 225: 1480–1482, 1984.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  185. R. E. Heikkila, L. Manzino, F. S. Cabbat, R. C. Duvoisin: Protection against the dopaminergic neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetra-hydropyridine by monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Nature 311: 467–469, 1984.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  186. R. E. Heikkila, R. C. Duvoisin, J. P. M. Finberg, M. B. H. Youdim: The prevention of MPTP neurotoxicity by AGN 1135, a selective MAO type B inhibitor without the cheese effect. Eur J Pharmacol 116: 313–317, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  187. M. Y. Kindt, R. E. Heikkila: Prevention of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tet-rahydropyridine-induced dopaminergic toxicity in mice by MDL 72, 145, a selective inhibitor of MAO-B. Life Sci 38: 1459–1467, 1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  188. S. P. Markey, J. N. Johannessen, C. C. Chiueh, R. S. Burns, M. A. Herkenham: Intraneuronal generation of a pyridinium metabolite may cause drug-induced parkinsonism. Nature 311: 464–467, 1984.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  189. M. Da Prada, R. Kettler, H.H. Keller, E. P. Bonetti, R. Imhof: Ro 16–6491, a new reversible and highly selective MAO-B inhibitor protects mice from the dopaminergic neurotoxicity of MPTP. Adv Neurol 45: 175–178, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  190. N. Castagnoli Jr., K. Chiba, A. J. Trevor: Potential bioactivation pathways for the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Life Sci 36: 225–230, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  191. R. E. Heikkila, M. V. Kindt, P. K. Sonsalla, A. Giovanni, S. K. Youngster, K. A. McKeown, T. P. Singer: Importance of monoamine oxidase A in the bioactivation of neurotoxic analogs of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahy-dropyridine. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 6172–6186, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  192. W. Gessner, A. Brossi, R.-S. Shen, C. W. Abell: Further insight into the mode of action of the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydro-pyridine (MPTP), FEBS Lett 183: 345–348, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  193. R. R. Ramsay, S. C. Koerber, T. P. Singer: Stopped-flow studies on the mechanism of oxidation of N-methyl-4-phenyltetrahydropyridine by bovine liver monoamine oxidase B. Biochemistry 26: 3045–3050, 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  194. M. J. Krueger, K. McKeown, R. R. Ramsay, S. K. Youngster, T. P. Singer: Mechanism-based inactivation of monoamine oxidases A and B by tetra-hydropyridines and dihydropyridines. Biochem J 268: 219–214, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  195. C. W. Abell, M. A. Bembenek, R. R. Fritz: Studies on the bioactivation and neurotoxicity of the Parkinsonian-inducing compound MPTP. In: Molecular Neuroscience: Expression of Neural Genes. New York: Alan R. Liss, pp. 147–158, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  196. J. A. Javitch, R. J. D’Amato, S. M. Strittmatter, S. H. Snyder: Parkinsonism-inducing neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine: uptake of the metabolite N-methyl-4-phenylpyridine by dopamine neurons explains selective toxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82: 2173–2177, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  197. K. Chiba, A. Trevor, N. Castagnoli Jr.: Active uptake of MPP+, a metabolite of MPTP, by brain synaptosomes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 128: 1228–1232, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  198. A. M. Cesura, A. Ritter, G. B. Picotti, M. Da Prada: Uptake, release, and subcellular localization of l-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium in blood platelets. J Neurochem 49: 138–145, 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  199. R. R. Ramsay, J. I. Salach, T. P. Singer: Uptake of the neurotoxin 1-me-thyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) by mitochondria and its relation to the inhibition of the mitochondrial oxidation of NAD+-linked substrates by MPP+. Biochem. Biophys Res Commun 134: 743–748, 1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  200. T. P. Singer, N. Catagnoli Jr., R. R. Ramsay, A. J. Trevor: Biochemical events in the development of Parkinsonism induced by l-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine. J Neurochem 49: 1–8, 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  201. M. Takada, Z. K. Li, T. Hattori: Astroglial ablation prevents MPTP-in-duced nigrostriatal neuronal death. Brain Res 509: 55–61, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  202. D. Calne, J. Langston: Parkinson’s disease: hypothesis. Lancet ii: 1457–1461, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  203. C. M. Tanner: The role of environmental toxins in the etiology of Parkinson’s disease. TINS 12: 49–54, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  204. R. E. Heikkila, I. Terleckyj, B. A. Sieber: Monoamine oxidase and the bioactivation of MPTP and related neurotoxins: relevance to DATATOP. J Neural Transm [Suppl] 32: 217–227, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  205. C. Gibb, J. Willoughby, V. Glover, M. Sandler, B. Testa, P. Jenner, C. D. Marsden: Analogues of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine as monoamine oxidase substrates: a second ring is not necessary. Neurosci Lett 76: 316–322, 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  206. P. J. de Varebeke, R. Cavalier, M. David-Remacle, M. B. H. Youdim: Formation of the neurotransmitter glycine from the anticonvulsant milacemide is mediated by brain monoamine oxidase B. J Neurochem 50: 1011–1016, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  207. P. J. de Varebeke, G. Pauwels, C. Buyse, M. David-Remacle, J. DEMey, J. Roba, M. B. H. Youdim: The novel neuropsychotropic agent milacemide is a specific enzyme-activated inhibitor of brain monoamine oxidase B. J Neurochem 53: 1109–1116, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  208. J. Roba, R. Cavalier, A. Cordi, H. Gorissen, M. Herin, P. Janssens Varbeke, C. Onkelinx, M. Remade, W. van Dorsser: Milacemide. In: B. S. Meldrum, R. R. Porter, eds. New Anticonvulsant Drugs, London: Libbey &Co., pp. 169–180, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  209. J. M. Godfraind, Microionophoretic study with milacemide, a glycine precursor, on mammalian central nervous system cells. Br J Pharmacol 100: 119–125, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  210. E. M. O’Brien, K. F. Tipton, M. Strolin Benedetti, A. Bonsignori, P. Marrari, P. Dostert: Is the oxidation of milacemide by monoamine oxidase a major factor in its anticonvulsant actions? Biochem Pharmacol 41: 1731–1737, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  211. M. B. H. Youdim, N. Narshak, M. Yoshioka, H. Araki, Y. Mukai, G. Gotto: Novel substrates and products of amine oxidase-catalysed reactions. Biochem Soc Trans 19: 224–228, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  212. K. F. Tipton: The reaction pathway of pig brain mitochondrial monoamine oxidase. Eur J Biochem 5: 316–320, 1968.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  213. M. C. Walker, D. E. Edmondson: Kinetic probes of the proposed radical mechanism of monoamine oxidase. In: Edmondson, D. B. McCormick, eds. Flavins and Flavoproteins. Berlin: Walter DeGruyter, pp. 699–703, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  214. S. Oi, K. Shimada, M. Inamasu, K. T. Yasunobu: Mechanistic studies of beef liver mitochondrial monoamine oxidase. Archs Biochem Biophys 146: 410–421, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  215. C. J. Fowler, B. Ekstedt, T. Egasira, H. Kinemuchi, L. Oreland: The interaction between human platelet monoamine oxidase, its monoamine substrates and oxygen. Biochem Pharmacol 28: 3063–3068, 1979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  216. M. Husain, D. E. Edmondson, T. P. Singer: Kinetic studies on the catalytic mechanism of liver monoamine oxidase. Biochemistry 21: 595–600, 1982.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  217. L. B. Pearce, J. A. Roth: Human brain monoamine oxidase type B: mechanism of deamination as probed by steady-state methods. Biochemistry 24: 1821–1826, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  218. R. R. Ramsay, T. P. Singer: The kinetic mechanisms of monoamine oxidases A and B. Biochem Soc Trans 19: 219–223, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  219. T. P. Singer, R. R. Ramsay: The interaction of monoamine oxidases with tertiary amines. Biochem Soc Trans 19: 211–215, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  220. R. B. Silverman, S. J. Hoffman, W. B. Catus III: A mechanism for mitochondrial monoamine oxidase catalyzed amine oxidation. J Am Chem Soc 102: 7126–7128, 1980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  221. J. T. Simpson, A. Krantz, F. D. Lewis, B. Kokel: Photochemical and photophysical studies of amines with excited flavins. Relevance to the mechanism of action of the flavin-dependent monoamine oxidase. J Am Chem Soc 104: 7155–7161, 1982.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  222. J.-M. Kim, I.-S. Cho, P. S. Mariano: Amine-flavin electron transfer photochemistry. Potential models for monoamine oxidase catalysis and inhibition. J Org Chem 56: 4943–4955, 1991

    Article  Google Scholar 

  223. K. S. Gates, R. B. Silverman: 5-(Aminomethyl)-3-aryl-2-oxazolidinones. A novel class of mechanism-based inactivators of monoamine oxidase B. J Am Chem Soc 112: 9364–9372, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  224. R. B. Silverman: The use of mechanism-based inactivators to probe the mechanism of monoamine oxidase. Biochem Soc Trans 19: 201–206, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  225. R. B. Silverman, R. B. Yamasaki: Mechanism-based inactivation of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase by N-(1-methylcyclopropyl) benzylamine. Biochemistry 23: 1322–1332, 1984.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  226. R. B. Silverman, P. A. Zieske: Mechanism of inactivation of monoamine oxidase by 1-phenylcyclopropylamine. Biochemistry 24: 2128–2138, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  227. R. B. Silverman, P. A. Zieske: 1-Phenylcyclobutylamine, the first in a new class of monoamine oxidase inactivators. Further evidence for a radical intermediate. Biochemistry 25: 341–346, 1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  228. R. B. Silverman, P. A. Zieske: Identification of the amino acid bound to the labile adduct formed during inactivation of monoamine oxidase by 1-phenylcyclopropylamine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 135: 154–159, 1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  229. G. M. Banik, R. B. Silverman: Mechanism of inactivation of monoamine oxidase B by (arninomethyl)trimethylsilane. J Am Chem Soc 112: 4499–4507, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  230. R. B. Silverman, G. M. Banik: (Aminoalkyl)trimethylsilanes. A new class of monoamine oxidase inactivators. J Am Chem Soc 109: 2219–2220, 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  231. R. B. Silverman, C. K. Hiebert: Inactivation of monoamine oxidase A by the monoamine oxidase B inactivators 1-phenylcyclopropylamine, 1-benzyl-cyclopropylamine, and N-cyclopropylα-methylbenzylamine. Biochemistry 27: 8448–8453, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  232. K. Yelekci, X. Lu, R. B. Silverman: Electron spin resonance studies of monoamine oxidase B. First direct evidence for a substrate radical intermediate. J Am Chem Soc 111: 1138–1140, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  233. B. Belleau, J. Moran: Deuterium isotope effects in relation to the chemical mechanism of monoamine oxidase. Ann N Y Acad Sci 107: 822–839, 1963.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  234. A. R. Battersby, D. G. Buckley, J. Staunton, P. J. Williams: Studies of enzyme-mediated reactions. Part 10. Stereochemical course of the dehydrogenation of stereospecifically labelled 1-aminoheptanes by the amine oxidase from rat liver mitochondria (E. C. I.4.3.4.). J Chem Soc [Perkin I] 10: 2550–2558, 1979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  235. P. H. Yu, S. Barclay, B. Davis, A. A. Boulton: Deuterium isotope effects on the enzymatic oxidative deamination of trace amines. Biochem Pharmacol 30: 3089–3094, 1981.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  236. P. H. Yu, B. A. Bailey, D. A. Durden, A. A. Boulton: Stereospecific deuterium substitution at the α-carbon position of dopamine and its effect on oxidative deamination catalyzed by MAO A and MAO B from different tissues. Biochem Pharmac 35: 1027–1036, 1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  237. M. Strolin Benedetti, P. Dostert: Stereochemical aspects of MAO interactions: reversible and selective inhibitors of monoamine oxidase. TIPS 6: 249–251, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  238. A. Hiramatsu, S. Tsurushiin, K. T. Yasunobu: Evidence for essential histi-dine residues in bovine liver mitochondrial monoamine oxidase. Eur J Biochem 57: 587–593, 1975.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  239. C. H. Williams: Monoamine oxidase-I. Specificity of some substrates and inhibitors. Biochem Pharmacol 23: 615–228, 1974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  240. K. T. Yasunobu, A. Tan: Advances in monoamine oxidase enzymology. In: B. Mondovi, ed. Structure and Functions of Amine Oxidases. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, pp. 209–217, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  241. L. Hellerman, V. G. Erwin: Mitochondrial monoamine oxidase. J Biol Chem 243: 5234–5243, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  242. E. A. Zeller, K. L. Arora, D. H. Gurne, S. V. Huprikar: On the topography of the active site of monoamine oxidase types A and B. In: T. P. Singer, R. W. von Korff, D. L. Murphy, eds. Monoamine Oxidase: Structure, Function, and Altered Functions. New York: Academic Press, p. 101, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  243. I. A. McDonald, J. M. Lacoste, P. Bey, M. G. Palfreyman, M. Zreika: Enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase: phenylallyl-amine structure-activity relationships. J Med Chem 28: 186–193, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  244. C. H. Williams, B. Walker: What does the binding of inhibitors reveal about the active site of monoamine oxidase? In: K. F. Tipton, P. Dostert, M. Strolin Benedetti, eds. Monoamine Oxidase and Disease. Prospects for Therapy with Reversible Inhibitors. New York: Academic Press, pp. 41–52, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  245. M. G. Palfreyman, I. A. McDonald, P. Bey, C. Danzin, M. Zreika, G. A. Lyles, J. R. Fozard: The rational design of suicide substrates of amine oxidases. Biochem Soc Trans 14: 410–413, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  246. C. T. Walsh: Suicide substrates, mechanism-based enzyme inactivators: recent developments. A Rev Biochem 53: 493–535, 1984.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  247. M. G. Palfreyman, P. Bey, A. Sjoerdsma: Enzyme-activated/mechanism-based inhibitors. Essay in Biochemistry 23: 28–81, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  248. R. Kitz, I. B. Wilson: Esters of methane sulfonic acid as irreversible inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase. J Biol Chem 237: 3245–3249, 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  249. S. G. Waley: Kinetics of suicide substrates. Biochem J 185: 771–773, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  250. T. P. Singer, J. I. Salach, Interaction of suicide inhibitors with the active site of monoamine oxidase. In: M. B. H. Youdim, E. S. Paykel, eds. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors — The State of the Art. New York: Wiley, pp. 17–29, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  251. T. P. Singer: Active site-directed, irreversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase. In: T. P. Singer, R. W. Von Korff, D. L. Murphy, eds. Monoamine Oxidase: Structure, Function and Altered Functions. London: Academic Press, pp. 7–24, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  252. T. P. Singer, M. Husain: Monoamine oxidase and its reaction with suicide substrates. In: V. Massay, C. H. Williams, eds. Flavins and Flavoproteins. Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 389–401, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  253. K. F. Tipton, A.-M. O’Carroll, T. J. Mantle, C. J. Fowler: Factors involved in the selective inhibition of monoamine oxidase. Mod Probl Pharmacopsychiat 19: 15–30, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  254. K. F. Tipton, C. J. Fowler: The kinetics of monoamine oxidase inhibitors in relation to their clinical behaviours. In: K. F. Tipton, P. Dostert, M. Strolin Benedetti, eds. Monoamine Oxidase and Disease. Prospects for Therapy with Reversible Inhibitors. New York: Academic Press, pp. 27–40, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  255. C. J. Fowler: Selective inhibitors of monoamine oxidase types A and B and their clinical usefulness. Drugs Future 12: 501–517, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  256. G. Planz, K. Quiring, D. Palm: Rates of recovery of irreversibly inhibited monoamine oxidase: a measure of enzyme protein turnover. Naunyn Schmiedeberg’s Arch Pharmacol 273: 27–42, 1972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  257. C. Goridis, N. H. Neff: Monoamine oxidase: an approximation of turnover rates. J Neurochem 18: 1673–1682, 1971.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  258. D. S. Davies: Pharmacokinetic and concentration-effect relationships of reversible and irreversible inhibitors. In: K. F. Tipton, P. Dostert, M. Strolin Benedetti, eds. Monoamine Oxidase and Disease. Prospects for Therapy with Reversible Inhibitors. London: Academic Press, pp. 167–172, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  259. A. E. Feiner, P. C. Waldmeier: Cumulative effects of irreversible MAO inhibitors in vivo. Biochem Pharmacol 28: 995–1002, 1979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  260. A. Pletscher, K. F. Gey, P. Zeller: Monoamineoxydase-Hemmer. Biochemie, Chemie, Pharmakologie, Klinik. Progress in Drug Research II: 417–590, 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  261. L. E. Richards, A. Burger: Mechanism-based inhibitors of monoamine oxidase. Progress in Drug Research 30: 205–219, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  262. M. Strolin Benedetti, P. Dostert: Overview of the present state of MAO inhibitors. J Neural Transm [Suppl] 23: 103–119, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  263. H. Kinemuchi, Y. Arai, L. Oreland, K. F. Tipton, C. J. Fowler: Time-dependent inhibition of monoamine oxidase by β-phenethylamine. Biochem Pharmacol 31: 959–964, 1982.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  264. E. A. Zeller, J. Barsky, E. R. Berman, J. R. Fouts: Action of isonicotinic acid hydrazide and related compounds on enzymes involved in the autonomic nervous system. J Pharmac Exp Ther 106: 427–428, 1952.

    Google Scholar 

  265. E. A. Zeller, J. Barsky: In vivo inhibition of liver and brain monoamine oxidase by 1-isonicotinyl-2-isopropyl hydrazine. Proc Soc Exp Biol NY 81: 459–461, 1952.

    Google Scholar 

  266. H. P. Loomer, J. C. Saunders, N. S. Kline: Iproniazid, an amine oxidase inhibitor, as an example of a psychic energizer. Congr Rec: 1382–1390, 1957.

    Google Scholar 

  267. H. P. Loomer, J. C. Saunders, N. S. Kline: A clinical and pharmacodynamic evaluation of iproniazid as a psychic energizer. Psychiat Res Rep Am Psychiat Ass 8: 121–141, 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  268. P. Dostert: Myth and reality of the classical MAO inhibitors, reasons for seeking a new generation. In: K. F. Tipton, P. Dostert, M. Strolin Benedetti, eds. Monoamine Oxidase and Disease. Prospects for Therapy with Reversible Inhibitors. New York: Academic Press, pp. 9–24, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  269. W. C. Kenney, J. Nagy, J. I. Salach, T. P. Singer: Structure of the covalent Phenylhydrazine adduct of monoamine oxidase. In: T. P. Singer, R. W. Von Korff, D. L. Murphy, eds. Monoamine Oxidase: Structure, Function and Altered Functions. London: Academic Press, pp. 25–37, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  270. P. H. Yu, K. F. Tipton: Deuterium isotope effect of phenelzine on the inhibition of rat liver mitochondrial monoamine oxidase activity. Biochem Pharmacol 38: 4245–4251, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  271. M. B. H. Youdim, J. K. Aronson, K. Blau, D. G. Grahame-Smith: Tranylcypromine (Parnate) overdose: measurement of tranylcypromine concentrations and MAO inhibitory activity and identification of amphetamines in plasma. Psychol Med 9: 377–382, 1979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  272. S. C. Dilsaver: Monoamine oxidase inhibitor withdrawal phenomena: symptoms and pathophysiology. Acta Psychiatr Scand 78: 1–7, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  273. D. L. Murphy, C. H. Donnelly, E. Richelson, R. W. Fuller: N-Substituted cyclopropylamines as inhibitors of MAO A and B forms. Biochem Pharmacol 27: 1767–1769, 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  274. D. L. Murphy: Substrate-selective monoamine oxidases: inhibitor, tissue, species and functional differences. Biochem Pharmacol 27: 1889–1893, 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  275. C. J. Fowler, S. B. Ross: Selective inhibitors of monoamine oxidase A and B: biochemical, pharmacological and clinical properties. Med Res Rev 4: 323–358, 1984.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  276. E. Kyburz: New developments in the field of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO-I). In: H. Van der Goot, G. Domany, L. Pallos, H. Timmerman, eds. Trends in Medicinal Chemistry. Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 523–542, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  277. R. B. Silverman, S. J. Hoffman: Mechanism of inactivation of monoamine oxidase by N-cyclopropyl-N-arylalkyl amines. In: T. P. Singer, R. W. Von Korff, D. L. Murphy, eds. Monoamine Oxidase: Structure, Function, and Altered Functions. London: Academic Press, pp. 71–79, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  278. R. B. Silverman: Mechanism of inactivation of monoamine oxidase by trans-2-phenylcyclopropylamine and the structure of the enzyme-inactivator adduct. J Biol Chem 258: 14766–14769, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  279. C. Paech, J. I. Salach, T. P. Singer: Suicide inactivation of monoamine oxidase by trans-phenylcyclopropylamine. In: T. P. Singer, R. W. Von Korff, D. L. Murphy, eds. Monoamine Oxidase: Structure, Function and Altered Functions. London: Academic Press, pp. 39–50, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  280. C. Paech, J. I. Salach, T. P. Singer: Suicide inactivation of monoamine oxidase by trans-phenylcyclopropylamine. J Biol Chem 255: 2700–2704, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  281. C. J. Fowler, T. J. Mantle, K. F. Tipton: The nature of the inhibition of rat liver monoamine oxidase types A and B by the acetylenic inhibitors clorgyline, 1-deprenyl and pargyline. Biochem Pharmacol 31: 3555–3561, 1982.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  282. S. Lipper, D. L. Murphy, S. Slater, M. S. Buchsbaum: Comparative behavioral effects of clorgyline and pargyline in man: a preliminary evaluation. Psychopharmacology 62: 123–128, 1979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  283. A. Kalir, A. Sabbagh, M. B. H. Youdim: Selective acetylenic “suicide” and reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase type A and B. Br J Pharmacol 73: 55–64, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  284. A. L. Maycock, R. H. Abeles, J. I. Salach, T. P. Singer: The structure of the covalent adduct formed by the interaction of 3-dimethylamino-1-propyne and the flavin of mitochondrial amine oxidase. Biochemistry 15: 114–125, 1976.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  285. J. I. Salach, K. Detmer, M. B. H. Youdim: The reaction of bovine and rat liver monoamine oxidase with [l4C] clorgyline and [14C] deprenyl. Molec Pharmacol 16: 234–241, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  286. C. J. Fowler, L. Oreland, J. Marcusson, R. Winblad: Titration of human brain monoamine oxidase-A and -B by clorgyline and L-deprenyl. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch Pharmacol 311: 263, 1980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  287. N. Gomez, M. Unzeta, K. F. Tipton, M. C. Anderson, A. M. O’Carroll: Determination of monoamine oxidase concentrations in rat liver by inhibitor binding. Biochem Pharmacol 35: 4467–4472, 1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  288. D. Balsa, E. Fernandez-Alvarez, K. F. Tipton, M. Unzeta: Inhibition of MAO by substituted tryptamine analogues. J Neural Transm [Suppl] 32: 103–105, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  289. M. A. Cruces, C. Elorriaga, E. Fernandez-Alvarez: The kinetics of monoamine oxidase inhibition by three 2-indolylmethylamine derivatives. Biochem Pharmacol 40: 535–543, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  290. M. B. H. Youdim, J. P. M. Finberg: MAO type B inhibitors as adjunct to L-DOPA therapy. Adv Neurol 45: 127–136, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  291. J. P. M. Finberg, M. Tenne, M. B. H. Youdim: Selective irreversible pro-pargyl derivative inhibitors of monoamine oxidase (MAO) without the cheese effect. In: M. B. H. Youdim, E. S. Paykel, eds. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors-The State of the Art. Chichester: Wiley, pp. 31–44, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  292. J. P. M. Finberg, M. Tenne, M. B. H. Youdim: Tyramine antagonistic properties of AGN 1135, an irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type B. Br J Pharmacol 73: 65–74, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  293. W. E. Haefely, R. Kettler, H. H. Keller, M. Da Prada: Ro 19–6327, a reversible and highly selective monoamine oxidase B inhibitor: a novel tool to explore the MAO-B function in humans. Adv Neurol 53: 505–512, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  294. M. H. Lader, G. Sakalis, M. Tansella: Interactions between sympathomimetic amines and a new monoamine oxidase inhibitor. Psychopharmacology 18: 118–123, 1970.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  295. M. Da Prada, R. Kettler, H. H. Keller, W. P. Burkard, D. Muggli-Maniglio, W. E. Haefely: Neurochemical profile of moclobemide, a short-acting and reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A. J Pharma Exp Ther 248: 400–414, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  296. I. C. Campbell, D. S. Robinson, W. Lovenberg, D. L. Murphy: The effects of chronic regimens of clorgyline and pargyline on monoamine metabolism in the rat brain. J Neurochem 32: 49–55, 1979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  297. P. C. Waldmeier, A. E. Feiner, L. Maître: Long-term effects of selective MAO inhibitors on MAO activity and amine metabolism. In: M. B. H. Youdim, E. S. Paykel, eds. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors — The State of the Art. Chichester: Wiley, pp. 87–102, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  298. F. J. E. Stefano, U. Trendelenburg: Saturation of monoamine oxidase by intraneuronal noradrenaline accumulation. Naunyn Schmiedeberg’s Arch Pharmacol 328: 135–141, 1984.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  299. N.T. Buu: Modification of vesicular dopamine and norepinephrine by monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Biochem Pharmacol 38: 1685–1892, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  300. J. D. Newman, J. T. Winslow, D. L. Murphy: Modulation of vocal and nonvocal behavior in adult squirrel monkeys by selective MAO-A and MAO-B inhibition. Brain Res 538: 24–28, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  301. M. Cox, N. Garrick, M. Reite, M. Gennaro: Minipump clorgyline administration and CSF amine metabolites in unrestrained monkeys. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 38: 677–679, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  302. E. C. Twist, S. N. Mitchell, T. H. Corn, I. C. Campbell: Effects of chronic ritanserin or clrogyline on amine and metabolite levels in rat frontal cortex. Eur J Pharmacol 196: 157–160, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  303. L. Maître, A. Delini-Stula, P. C. Waldmeier: Relations between the degree of monoamine oxidase inhibition and some psychopharmacological responses to monoamine oxidase inhibitors in rats. Ciba Found Symp 39: 247–270, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  304. L. G. Jr. Hårsing, E. S. Vizi: Release of endogenous dopamine from rat isolated striatum: effect of clorgyline and (—)-deprenyl. Br J Pharmacol 83: 741–749, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  305. A. Imperato, G. Di Chiara: Trans-striatal dialysis coupled to reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection: a new method for the study of the in vivo release of endogenous dopamine and metabolites. J Neurosci 4: 966–977, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  306. G. Di Chiara: In vivo brain dialysis of neurotransmitters. TIPS 11: 116–121, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  307. S. P. Butcher, I. S. Fairbrother, J. S. Kelly, G. W. Arbuthnott: Effects of selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors on the in vivo release and metabolism of dopamine in the rat striatum. J Neurochem 55: 981–988, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  308. P. Lerner, L. F. Major, D. L. Murphy, S. Upper, C. R. Lake, W. Lovenberg: Dopamine-β-hydroxylase and norepinephrine in human cerebrospinal fluid: effects of monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Neuropharmacology 18: 423–426, 1979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  309. P. Lerner, L. F. Major, P. S. Dendel, I. C. Campbell, D. L. Murphy: Central and peripheral dopamine beta-hydroxylase: responses to long term-treatment with monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Neuropharmacology 19: 877–881, 1980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  310. E. J. Nestler, A. McMahon, E. L. Sabban, J. F. Tallman, R. S. Duman: Chronic antidepressant administration decreases the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase in the rat locus coeruleus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87: 7522–7526, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  311. R. M. Cohen, R. P. Ebstein, J. W. Daly, D. L. Murphy: Chronic effects of monoamine oxidase-inhibiting antidepressant: decreases in functional alpha-adrenergic autoreceptors precede the decrease in norepinephrine-stimulated cyclic adenosine 3′, 5′-monophosphate systems in rat brain. J Neurosci 2: 1588–1595, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  312. R. M. Cohen, I. C. Campbell, M. Dauphin, J. F. Tallmann, D. L. Murphy: Changes in α- and β-receptor densities in rat brain as a result of treatment with monoamine oxidase inhibiting antidepressants. Neuropharmacology 21: 293–298, 1982.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  313. J. P. M. Finberg: Antidepressant drugs and down-regulation of presynaptic receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 36: 3557–3562, 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  314. J. P. M. Finberg, I. J. Kopin: Chronic Clonidine treatment produces desensitisation of post- but not presynaptic α 2-adrenoceptors. Eur J Pharmacol. 138: 95–100, 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  315. R.J. Ross, M. Scheinin, P. Lesieur, M. V. Rudorfer, R. L. Hauger, L. J. Siever, M. Linnoila, W. Z. Potter: The effect of clorgyline on noradrenergic function. Psychopharmacology 85: 227–230, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  316. L.J. Siever, T. W. Uhde, D. L. Murphy: Possible subsensitization of alpha2-adrenergic receptors by chronic monoamine oxidase inhibitor treatment in psychiatric patients. Psychiat Res 6: 293–302, 1981.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  317. C. S. Aulakh, R. M. Cohen, C. McLellan, D. L. Murphy: Correlation of changes in α 2-adrenoceptor number and locomotor responses to Clonidine following clorgyline discontinuation. Br J Pharmacol 80: 10–12, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  318. D. D. Savage, J. Mendels, A. Frazer: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors and serotonin uptake inhibitors: differential effects on [3H]serotonin binding sites in rat brain. J Pharmac Exp Ther 212: 259–263, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  319. D. D. Savage, J. Mendels, A. Frazer: Decrease in [3H]-serotonin binding in rat brain produced by the repeated administration of either monoamine oxidase inhibitors or centrally acting serotonin agonists. Neuropharmacology 19: 1063–1070, 1980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  320. J. P. M. Finberg, G. Ari, G. Lavian, D. Hovevey-Sion: Modification of alpha-2 presynaptic receptor activity and catecholamine release following chronic MAO inhibition. J Neural Transm [Suppl] 32: 405–412, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  321. J. P. M. Finberg, I. J. Kopin: Chronic clorgyline treatment enhances release of norepinephrine following sympathetic stimulation in the rat. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch Pharmacol 332: 236–242, 1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  322. D. Hovevey-Sion, J. P. M. Finberg: Chronic inhibition of monoamine oxidase reduces noradrenaline release in rat vas deferens and anococcygeus muscle. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch Pharmacol 336: 70–76, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  323. J. P. M. Finberg, D. Hovevey-Sion: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors and catecholamine release. In: Progress in Catecholamine Research, Part A: Basis Aspects and Peripheral Mechanisms. New York: Alan R. Liss, pp. 125–129, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  324. Y. Itzhak, I. Stein: Sigma binding sites in the brain; an emerging concept for multiple sites and their relevance for psychiatric disorders. Life Sci 47: 1073–1081, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  325. Y. Itzhak, D. Mash, S. H. Zhang, I. Stein: Characterization of N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) binding sites in C57BL/6J mouse brain: mutual effects of monoamine oxidase inhibitors and sigma ligands on MPTP and sigma binding sites. Molec Pharmacol 39: 385–393, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  326. P. C. Waldmeier: MAO inhibition and its consequences for metabolism and function of endogenous substrates. In: Progress in Catecholamine Research, Part A: Basic Aspects and Peripheral Mechanisms. New York: Alan R. Liss, pp. 121–124, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  327. A. Delini-Stula, E. Radeke, P. C. Waldmeier: Basic and clinical aspects of the activity of the new monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Psychopharmacol Ser 5: 147–158, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  328. A. Pletscher, A. Brossi, K. F. Gey: Benzoquinolizine derivatives: a new class of monoamine decreasing drugs with psychotropic action. Int Rev Neurobiol 4: 275–305, 1962.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  329. A. R. Green, M. B. Youdim: Effect of monoamine oxidase inhibition by clorgyline, deprenyl or tranylcypromine on 5-HT concentration in rat brain and hyperactivity following subsequent tryptophan administration. Br J Pharmacol 55: 415–422, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  330. A. Delini-Stula, E. Radeke: Behavioral and pharmacological characterisation of tryptamine-induced excitation syndrome in rats. In: A. A. Boulton, L. Maître, P. R. Bieck, P. Riederer, eds. Neuropsychopharmacology of the Trace Amines. Clifton: Humana, pp. 125–140, 1985.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  331. W. B. Mendelson, R. M. Cohen, I. C. Campbell, D. L. Murphy, C. Gillin, R. J. Wyatt: Lifetime monoamine oxidase inhibition and sleep. Pharmacol Biochem Beh 16: 429–431, 1982.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  332. J. P. M. Finberg, M. Tenne: Relationship between tyramine potentiation and selective inhibition of MAO types A and B in the rat vas deferens. Br J Pharmacol 77: 31, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  333. J. P. M. Finberg, M. B. H. Youdim: Potentiation of tyramine pressor responses in conscious rats by reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase. J Neural Transm [Suppl] 26, 11–16, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  334. M. B. H. Youdim, M. Da Prada, R. Amrein, eds. The cheese effect and new reversible MAO-A inhibitors. J Neural Transm [Suppl] 26, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  335. B. A. Callingham, W. J. McCarry: Pharmacological effects of MAO inhibitors on the anococcygeus muscle and perfused mesenteric arteries of the rat. In: K. F. Tipton, P. Dostert, M. Strolin Benedetti, eds. Monoamine Oxidase and Disease. Prospects for Therapy with Reversible Inhibitors. New York: Academic Press, pp. 449–458, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  336. M. Da Prada, G. Zürcher, I. Wütrich, W. E. Haefely: On Tyramine, food, beverages and the reversible MAO inhibitor moclobemide. J Neural Transm [Suppl] 26: 31–56, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  337. F. Karoum, S. G. Potkin, D. L. Murphy, R. J. Wyatt: Quantitation and metabolism of phenylethylamine and tyramine’s three isomers in humans. In: A. D. Mosnaim, M. E. Wolf, eds. Noncatecholic Phenylethylamines, part 2. New York: Marcel Dekker, pp. 177–191, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  338. F. Hasan, J. M. McCrodden, N. P. Kennedy, K. F. Tipton: The involvement of intestinal monoamine oxidase in the transport and metabolism of tyramine. J Neural Transm [Suppl] 26: 1–9, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  339. U. Trendelenberg: Release induced by phenylethylamines. In: D.N. Paton, ed. The Release of Catecholamines from Adrenergic Neurones. New York: Pergamon Press, pp. 333–354, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  340. U. Tredendelenberg, A. Langeloh, H. Bönisch: Mechanism of indirectly acting sympathomimetic amines. Blood Vessels 24: 261–270, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  341. T. Yakoyama, T. Karube, N. Iwata: Comparative studies of the effects of RS-8359 and safrazine on monoamine oxidase in vitro and in vivo in mouse brain. J Pharm Pharmacol 41: 323–326, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  342. Y. Kumagae, Y. Matsui, N. Iwate: Deamination of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin by type A monoamine oxidase in discrete regions of the rat brain and inhibition by RS-8359. Jpn J Pharmacol 55: 121–128, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  343. Y. Matsui, Y. Kumagae: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors prevent striatal neuronal necrosis induced by transient forebrain ischemia. Neurosci Lett 126: 175–178, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  344. H. S. Maker, C. Weiss, D. J. Silides, G. Cohen: Coupling of dopamine oxidation (monoamine oxidase activity) to glutathione oxidation via the generation of hydrogen peroxide in rat brain homogenates. J Neurochem 36: 589–593, 1981.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  345. G. Damsma, D. P. Boisvert, L. A. Mudrick, D. Wenkstern, H. C. Fibiger: Effects of transient forebrain ischemia and pargyline on extracellular concentrations of dopamine, serotonin, and their metabolites in the rat striatum as determined by in vivo microdialysis. J Neurochem 54: 801–808, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  346. H. P. Lorez, J. Haevey, L. Wright, S. Kollar, G. Blaszat, B. Thomas, J. R. Martin, R. Kettler, M. Da Prada: Moclobemide exhibits neuroprotective effects in hypoxic rat brain. In: J. Krieglstein, H. Oberpichler, eds. Pharmacology of Cerebral Ischemia. Stuttgart: Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, pp. 477–484, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  347. G. F. Oxenkrug, R. McCauley, I. McIntyre, C. Filipowicz: Effect of clorgyline and deprenyl on rat pineal melatonin. J Pharm Pharmacol 36: 55 W, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  348. G. F. Oxenkrug, I. McIntyre, R. McCauley, C. Filipowicz: Selective inhibition of MAO-A but not MAO-B activity increases rat pineal melatonin. J Neural Transm 61: 265–270, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  349. G. F. Oxenkrug, I. McIntyre, R. McCauley, A. Yuwiler: The effect of selective MAO inhibitors on rat pineal melatonin synthesis in viro. J Pineal Res 5: 99–109, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  350. G. F. Oxenkrug: The acute effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors on serotonin conversion to melatonin. In: M. Sandler, A. Coppen, S. Harnett, eds. 5-Hydroxytryptamine in Psychiatry: Spectrum of Ideas. Oxford: University Press, pp. 98–109, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  351. G. F. Oxenkrug, R. B. McCauley, D. J. Fontana, I. M. McIntyre, R. L. Commissaris: Possible melatonin involvement in the hypotensive effect of MAO inhibitors. J Neural Transm 66: 271–280, 1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  352. P. E. Keane, J. Menager, M. Strolin Benedetti: The effect of monoamine oxidase A and B inhibitors on rat serum prolactin. Neuropharmacology 20: 1157–1162, 1981.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  353. M. A. Ventura: Effects of clorgyline and deprenil on corticosterone levels in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 81: 349–355, 1982.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  354. J. Knoll, Z. Ecsery, K. Kelemen, J. Nievel, B. Knoll: Phenylisopropylmethyl-propinylamine (E-250), a new psychic energizer. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 155: 154–164, 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  355. M. Da Prada, R. Kettler, H. H. Keller, W. P. Burkard: Ro 19–6327, a reversible highly selective inhibitor of type B monoamine oxidase, completely devoid of tyramine-potentiating effects: comparison with selegiline. In: Progress in Catecholamine Research, Part B: Central Aspects. New York: Alan R. Liss, pp. 359–363, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  356. P. C. Waldmeier, A. E. Feiner: Deprenyl: loss of selectivity for inhibition of B-type MAO after repeated treatment. Biochem Pharmacol 27: 801–802, 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  357. C. Braestrup, H. Andersen. A. Randrup: The monoamine oxidase B inhibitor deprenyl potentiates phenylethylamine behaviour in rats without inhibition of catecholamine metabolite formation. Eur J Pharmacol 34: 181–187, 1975.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  358. G. Zsilla, J. Knoll: The action of (—)deprenyl on monoamine turnover rate in rat brain. Adv Biochem Psychopharm 31: 211–217, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  359. G. Zsilla, P. Földi, G. Held, A. M. Szekely, J. Knoll: The effect of repeated doses of (—)deprenyl on the dynamics of monoaminergic transmission. Comparison with clorgyline. Pol J Pharmacol Pharm 38: 57–67, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  360. D. E. Dluzen, J. L. McDermott: The effect of long-term treatment with deprenyl on basal and L-DOPA evoked dopamine release in vitro from the corpus striatum of aged rats. J Neural Transm [Gen Sect] 85: 145–156, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  361. J. Lauber, P. C. Waldmeier: Determination of 2-phenylethylamine in rat brain after MAO inhibitors, and in human CSF and urine by capillary GC and chemical ionization MS. J Neural Transm 60: 247–264, 1984.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  362. R. Ortmann, M. Schaub, A. Feiner, J. Lauber, P. Christen, P. C. Waldmeier: Phenylethylamine-induced stereotypies in the rat: a behavioral test system for assessment of MAO-B inhibitors. Psychopharmacology 84: 22–27, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  363. R. Ortmann, M. Schaub, P. C. Waldmeier: Effect of psychoactive drugs on behavior induced by 2-phenylethylamine in rats. In: A.A. Boulton, L. Maître, P. R. Bieck, P. Riederer, eds. Neuropsychopharmacology of the Trace Amines. Clifton: Humana, pp. 63–74, 1985.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  364. S. Turkish, P. H. Yu, A. J. Greenshaw: Monoamine oxidase-B inhibition: a comparison of in vivo and ex vivo measures of reversible effects. J Neural Transm 74: 141–148, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  365. J. Knoll: R-(—)-Deprenyl (Selegiline, MoverganR) facilitates the activity of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuron. J Neural Transm [Suppl] 25: 45–66, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  366. J. Knoll: The pharmacology of selegiline ((-)deprenyl). New Aspects. Acta Neurol Scand 126: 83–91, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  367. P. Chrisp, G. J. Mammen, E. M. Sorkin: Selegiline. A review of its pharmacology, symptomatic benefits and protective potential in Parkinson’s disease. Drugs & Aging 1: 228–248, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  368. G. Cohen, M. B. Spina: Deprenyl suppresses the oxidant stress associated with increased dopamine turnover. Ann Neurol 26: 689–690, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  369. M.-C. Carrillo, S. Knai, M. Nokubo, K. Kitani: (—)Deprenyl induces activities of both superoxide dismutase and catalase but not of glutathione peroxidase in the striatum of young male rats. Life Sci 48: 517–521, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  370. J. Knoll: Extension of life span of rats by long-term (—)deprenyl treatment. Mount Sinai J Med 55: 67–74, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  371. J. Knoll: The striatal dopamine dependency of life span in male rats. Longevity study with (—)deprenyl. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 46: 237–262, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  372. N. W. Milgram, R. J. Racine, P. Nellis, A. Mendonca, G. O. Ivy: Maintenance on L-deprenyl prolongs life in aged male rats. Life Sci 47: 415–420, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  373. G. Cohen. P. Pasik, B. Cohen, A. Leist, C. Mytilineou, M. D. Yahr: Pargyline and deprenyl prevent the neurotoxicity of methyl-4-phenyl-1–2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine (MPTP) in monkeys. Eur J Pharmacol 106: 209–210, 1984.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  374. W. C. Koller, L. T. Giron: Selegiline HCl: selective MAO type B inhibitor. Neurology (Suppl) 40: 58–60, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  375. K. T. Finnegan, J. J. Skratt, I. Irwin, L. E. DeLanney, J. W. Langston: Protection against DSP-4-induced neurotoxicity by deprenyl is not related to its inhibition of MAO B. Eur J Pharmacol 184: 119–126, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  376. M. Da Prada, H. H. Keller, L. Pieri, R. Kettler, W. E. Haefely: The pharmacology of Parkinson’s disease: basic aspects and recent advances. Experientia 40: 1165–1172, 1984.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  377. G. P. Reynolds, J. D. Elsworth K. Blau, M. Sandler, A. J. Lees, G. M. Stern: Deprenyl is metabolised to methamphetamine and amphetamine in man. Br J Clin Pharmacol 6: 542–544, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  378. G. P. Reynolds, P. Riederer, M. Sandler, K. Jellinger, D. Seemann: Amphetamine and 2-phenylethylamine in post-mortem Parkinsonian brain after (—)deprenyl administration. J Neural Transm 43: 271–277, 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  379. L. L. Simpson: Evidence that deprenyl, a type B monoamine oxidase inhibitor is an indirectly acting sympathomimetic amine. Biochem Pharmacol 27: 1591–1595, 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  380. F. Karoum, L. W. Chuang, T. Eisler, D. B. Calne, M. R. Liebowitz, M. D. Quitkin, D. F. Klein, R. J. Wyatt: Metabolism of (-)deprenyl to amphetamine and metamphetamine may BEresponsible for deprenyl’s therapeutic benefit: a biochemical study. Neurology 32: 503–509, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  381. M. Da Prada, R. Kettler, H. H. Keller, M. Pierl: Einfluß von L-Deprenyl und Ergotderivaten auf das monoaminerge System der Ratte. In: P.-A Fischer, ed. Parkinson-Syndrom: Kombinations- und Begleit-Therapien. Stuttgart: Schattauer Verlag, pp. 55–73, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  382. M. Pieri, L. Pieri, A. Saner, M. Da Prada, W. Haefely: A comparison of drug-induced rotation in rats lesioned in the medial forebrain bundle with 5, 6-dihydroxytryptamine or 6-hydroxydopamine. Archs Int Pharmacodyn Ther217: 118–130, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  383. U. Ungerstedt, A. Avemo, E. Avemo. T. Ljungberg, C. Ranje: Animal model of Parkinsonism. Adv Neurol 3: 257–271, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  384. J. M. Rabey, P. Passettiner, A. Bystritsky, J.Engel, M.Goldstein: The regulation of striatal DOPA synthesis by α 2-adrenoceptors. Brain Res 230: 422–426, 1981.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  385. W. Kostiniwski, M. Jerlicz, A. B. Bidzinsky, M. Hauptmann: Evidence for existence of two opposite noradrenergic brain system controlling behaviour. Psychopharmacology 59: 311–312, 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  386. J. C. K. Lai, T. K. C. Leung, J. F. Guest, L. Lim, A. N. Davison: The monoamine oxidase inhibitors clorgyline and L-deprenyl also effect the uptake of dopamine, noradrenaline and 5-hydroxitryptamine by rat brain synaptosomal preparations. Biochem Pharmacol 29: 2763–2770, 1980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  387. H. L. Wiener, A. Hashim, A. Lajtha, H. Sershen: Chronic L-deprenyl-induced up-regulation of the dopamine uptake carrier. Eur J Pharmacol 163: 191–194, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  388. L. G. Jr. Hårsing, K. Magyar, K. Tekes, E. S. Vizi, J. Knoll: Inhibition by deprenyl of dopamine uptake in rat striatum: a possible correlation between dopamine uptake and acetylcholine release inhibition. Pol J Pharmacol Pharm 31: 297–307, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  389. J. Knoll: (—)Deprenyl: the MAO inhibitor without the cheese effect. Trends Neurosci 2: 111–113, 1979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  390. J. D. Elsworth, V. Glover, G. P. Reynolds, M. Sandler, A. J. Lees, P. Phua-pradit, K. M. Shaw, G. M. Stern, P. Kumar: Deprenyl administration in man: a selective monoamine oxidase inhibitor without the cheese effect. Psychopharmacology 57: 33–38, 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  391. J. R. Fozard, M. Zreika, M. Robin, M. G. Palfreyman: The functional consequences of inhibition of monoamine oxidase type B: comparison of the pharmacological properties of L-deprenyl and MDL 72, 145. Naunyn Schmiedeberg’s Arch Pharmacol 331: 186–193, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  392. V. Glover, C. J. Pycock, M. Sandler: Tyramine-induced noradrenaline release from rat brain slices: prevention by (—)deprenyl. Br J Pharmacol 80: 141–148, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  393. J. Knoll: The pharmacology of selective MAO inhibitors. In: M. B. H. Youdim, E. S. Paykel, eds. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors — The State of the Art. New York: Wiley, pp. 45–61, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  394. J. Knoll: The pharmacology of selective irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors. In: N. Seiler, M.J. Jung, J. Koch-Weser, eds. Enzyme Activated Irreversible Inhibitors. Amsterdam: Elsevier North-Holland, pp. 253–269, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  395. J. Knoll, T. T. Yen, J. Dallo: Long-lasting, true aphrodisiac effect of (—)deprenyl in sluggish old male rats. Mod Probl Pharmacopsychiat 19: 135–153, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  396. E. H. Heinonen, V. Vyllyla, K. Sotaniemi, R. Lammintausta, J. S. Salonen et al.: Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of selegiline. Acta Neurol Scand 80[Suppl 126]: 93–99, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  397. H. O. Borbe, G. Niebch, B. Nickel: Kinetic evaluation of MAO-B-activity following oral administration of selegiline and desmethyl-selegiline in the rat. J Neural Transm[Suppl] 32: 131–137, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  398. J. E. Meeker, P. C. Reynolds: Postmortem tissue methamphetamine concentrations following selegiline administration. J Anal Toxicol 14: 330–331, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  399. K. Magyar, L. Tothfalusi: Pharmacokinetic aspects of deprenyl effects. Pol J Pharmacol Pharm 36: 373–384, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  400. R. B. Silverman, C. K. Hiebert, M. L. Vazquez: Inactivation of monoamine oxidase by allylamine does not result in flavin attachment. J Biol Chem 260: 14648–14652, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  401. I. A. McDonald, M. G. Palfreyman, M. Zreika, P. Bey: (Z)-2-(2, 4-Dichlorophenoxy)methyl-3-fluoroallylamine (MDL 72, 638): a clorgyline analogue with surprising selectivity for monoamine oxidase type B. Biochem Pharmacol 35: 349–351, 1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  402. P. Bey, J. Fozard, J. M. Lacoste, I. A. McDonald, M. Zreika, M. G. Palfreyman: (E)-2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-3-fluoroallylamine: a selective, enzyme-activated inhibitor of type B monoamine oxidase. J Med Chem 27: 9–10, 1984.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  403. M. Zreika, I. A. McDonald, P. Bey, M. G. Palfreyman: MDL 72, 145, an enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor with selectivity for monoamine oxidase type B. J Neurochem 43: 448–454, 1984.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  404. J. R. Fozard, M. G. Palfreyman, M. Robin, M. Zreika: Selective inhibition of monoamine oxidase type B by MDL 72145 increases the central effects of L-DOPA without modifying its cardiovascular effects. Br J Pharmacol 87: 257–264, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  405. M. G. Palfreyman, M. Zreika, I. McDonald, J. Fozard, P. Bey: MDL 72, 145, an irreversible inhibitor of MAO-B. In: K. F. Tipton, P. Dostert, M. Strolin Benedetti, eds. Monoamine Oxidase and Disease. Prospects for Therapy with Reversible Inhibitors. New York: Academic Press, pp. 563–564, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  406. M. Zreika, J. R. Fozard, M. W. Dudley, P. Bey, I. A. McDonald, M. G. Palfreyman: MDL 72,974: a potent and selective enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type B with potential for use in Parkinson’s disease. J Neural Transm [P-D Sect] 1: 243–254, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  407. M. G. Palfreyman, I. A. McDonald, J. R. Fozard, Y. Mely, A. J. Sleight, M. Zreika, J. Wagner, P. Bey, P. J. Lewis: Inhibition of monoamine oxidase selectively in brain monoamine nerves using the bioprecursor (E)-β-fluoromethylene-m-tyrosine (MDL 72394), a substrate for aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase. J Neurochem 45: 1850–1860, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  408. M. G. Palfreyman, A. K. Mir, M. Kubina, D. N. Middlemiss, M. Richards, M. D. Tricklebank, J. R. Fozard: Monoamine receptor sensitivity changes following chronic administration of MDL 72394, a site-directed inhibitor of monoamine oxidase. Eur J Pharmacol 130: 73–89, 1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  409. C. Danzin, J.-N. Collard, P. Marchai, D. Schirlin: Selective inactivation of MAO-B by benzyl-dimethyl-silyl-methanamines in vitro. Biochem. Bio-phys Res Commun 160: 540–544, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  410. R. B. Silverman, M. K. Vadnere: (Aminoalkyl)trimethylgermanes, the first organo-germanium mechanism-based inactivators: am new class of monoamine oxidase activators. Bioorg Chem 15: 328–332, 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  411. D. S. Robinson, N. M. Kurtz: Monoamine oxidase inhibiting drugs: pharmacologic and therapeutic issues. In: H. Y. Meltzer, ed. Psychopharmacology: The Third Generation of Progress. New York: Raven Press, pp. 1297–1304, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  412. M. Dixon, E. C. Webb: Enzymes, 3rd Ed., London: Longman, pp. 361–368, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  413. T. Palmer: Understanding Enzymes. New York: Wiley, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  414. A. M. Cesura, R. Kettler, R. Imhof, M. Da Prada: Mode of action and characteristics of monoamine oxidase-A inhibition by moclobemide. Psychopharmacology 106[Suppl]: 15–16, 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  415. A. M. Cesura, D. Muggli-Maniglio, G. Lang, R. Imhof, M. Da Prada: Monoamine oxidase inhibition by moclobemide and 2-aminoethyl-carboxamide derivatives: mode of action and kinetic characteristics. J Neural Transm [Suppl] 32: 165–170, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  416. M. Da Prada, R. Kettler, A. M. Cesura, J. G. Richards: Reversible, enzyme-activated monoamine oxidase inhibitors: new advances. Pharmacol Res Comm 20 [Suppl] 4: 21–33, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  417. S. W. Williams, J. F. Morrison: The kinetic of reversible tight-binding inhibition. Meth Enzymol 63: 337–467, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  418. M. Da Prada, R. Kettler, H. H. Keller, W. P. Burkard, W. E. Haefely: Preclinical profiles of the novel reversible MAO-A inhibitors, moclobemide and brofaromine, in comparison with irreversible MAO inhibitors. J Neural Transm [Suppl] 28: 5–20, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  419. M. Da Prada, R. Kettler, W. P. Burkard, H. P. Lorez, W. Haefely: Some basic aspects of reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase-A. Acta Psy-chiatr Scand [Suppl] 360: 7–12, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  420. M. Da Prada, H. H. Keller, R. Kettler, R. Schaffner, M. Pieri, W. P. Burkard, A. Korn, W. E. Haefely: Ro 11–1163, a specific and short-acting MAO inhibitor with antidepressant properties. In: K. Kamijo, E. Usdin, T. Nagatsu, eds. Monoamine Oxidase: Basic and Clinical Frontiers. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, pp. 183–196, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  421. M. Da Prada, R. Kettler, H. H. Keller, W. E. Haefely: Neurochemical effects in vitro and in vivo of the antidepressant Ro 11–1163, a specific and short-acting MAO-A inhibitor. Mod Probl Pharmacopsychiat 19: 231–245, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  422. M. Da Prada, R. Kettler, W. P. Burkard, W. E. Haefely: Moclobemide, an antidepressant with short-lasting MAO-A inhibition: brain catecholamines and tyramine pressor effects in rats. In: K. F. Tipton, P. Dostert, M. Strolin Benedetti, eds. Monoamine Oxidase and Disease. Prospects for Therapy with Reversible Inhibitors. New York: Academic Press, pp. 137–154, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  423. B. A. Callingham: Biochemical aspects of the pharmacology of moclobemide. The implications of animal studies. Br J. Psychiatry 155 [Suppl] 6: 53–60, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  424. R. Kettler, M. Da Prada, W. P. Burkard: Comparison of monoamine oxidase-A inhibition by moclobemide in vitro and ex vivo in rats. Acta Psychiatr Scand [Suppl] 360: 101–102, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  425. P. C. Waldmeier, P. A. Baumann, A. Delini-Stula, R. Bernasconi, K. Sigg, P. Buech, A. E. Feiner: Characterization of a new short-acting and specific inhibitor of type A monoamine oxidase. Mod Probl Pharmacopsychiat 19: 31–52, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  426. P. C. Waldmeier: On the reversibility of reversible MAO inhibitors. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch Pharmacol 329: 305–310, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  427. W. P. Burkard, M. Da Prada, H. H. Keller, R. Kettler, W. Haefely: Preclinical pharmacology of moclobemide. A review of published studies. Br J Psychiatry 155 [Suppl 6]: 84–88, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  428. H. H. Keller, R. Kettler, G. Keller, M. Da Prada: Short-acting novel MAO-inhibitors: in vitro evidence for the reversibility of MAO inhibition by moclobemide and Ro 16–6491. Naunyn Schmiedeberg’s Arch Pharmacol 335: 12–20, 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  429. M.-P. Schoerlin, M. Da Prada: Species-specific biotransformation of moclobemide: a comparative study in rats and humans. Acta Psychiatr Scand [Suppl] 360: 108–110, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  430. A. Colzi, F. d’Agostini, A. M. Cesura, M. Da Prada: Brain microdialysis in rats: a technique to reveal competition in vivo between endogenous dopamine and moclobemide, a RIMA antidepressant. Psychopharmacology 106 [Suppl]: 17–20, 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  431. W. P. Burkard, E. P. Bonetti, M. Da Prada, J. R. Martin, P. Polc, R. Schaffner, R. Scherschlicht, F. Hefti, R. K. M. Müller, P.-C. Wyss, W. E. Haefely: Pharmacological profile of moclobemide, a short-acting and reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A. J Pharmac Exp Ther 248: 391–399, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  432. J. R. Martin, R. Schaffner, L. Rumennik, G. P. Vincent, J. Sepinwall, H.-P. Lorez, W. E. Haefely: Cognitive performance enhancing effects of the reversible MAO-inhibitor moclobemide in animals. In: R. J. Wurtman, S. Corkin, H. J. Growdon, E. Ritter-Walker, eds. Cambridge MA: Alzheimer’s Disease (Center for Brain Sciences and Metabolism Charitable Trust), pp. 689–694, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  433. M. Strolin Benedetti, R. Kettler, P. Marrari, M. Cini, M. Da Prada, P. Dostert: The effects of lifelong treatment with MAO inhibitors on amino acid levels in rat brain. J Neural Transm [P-D Sect] 2: 239–248, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  434. G. F. Oxenkrug, P. J. Requintina, A. Yuwiler: Does moclobemide stimulate melatonin synthesis as the other selective MAO-A inhibitors do? J Neural Transm [Suppl] 32: 171–175, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  435. P. R. Bieck, K.-H. Antonin, R. Balon, G. F. Oxenkrug: Effect of brofaromine and pargyline on human plasma melatonin concentrations. Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiat 12: 93–101, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  436. M. Scheinin, M. Koulu, O. Vakkuri, J. Vuorinen, H. Zimmer: Moclobemide, an inhibitor of MAO-A, does not increase daytime melatonin levels in normal humans. Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 14: 73–82, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  437. M. Da Prada, W. P. Burkard: Hypotensive action and weak potentiation of tyramine effect by moclobemide in rats. Acta Psychiatr Scand [Suppl] 360: 106–107, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  438. B. A. Callingham, R. S. Ovens: Some in vitro effects of moclobemide and other MAO inhibitors on responses to sympathomimetic amines. J Neural Transm [Suppl] 26: 17–29, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  439. H. Bönisch, U. Trendelenburg: The mechanism of action of indirectly acting sympathomimetic amines. Handbook Experimental Pharmacol 90: 247–277, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  440. I. A. McDonald, P. Boy, M. G. Palfreyman: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors. In: M. Sandler, J. Smith, eds. Design of Enzyme Inhibitors as Drugs. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 227–244, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  441. B. Schläppi: The lack of hepatotoxicity in the rat with the new and reversible MAO-A inhibitor moclobemide in contrast to iproniazid. Arzneim-Forsch/Drug Res 35: 800–803, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  442. E. P. Bonetti, R. Scherschlicht, M. Da Prada: Safety of the RIMA antidepressant moclobemide: minimal interactions with dietary tyramine and 5-HT uptake blockers. In: G. Racagni, M. Brunello, T. Fukuda eds. Biological Psychiatry. Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 390–392, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  443. M.-P. Schoerlin, M. Mayersohn, A. Korn, H. Eggers: Disposition kinetics of moclobemide, a monoamine oxidase A enzyme inhibitor. Single and multiple dosing in normal subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther 42: 395–404, 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  444. T. W. Guentert, G. Tucker, A. Korn, J. P. Pfefen, P. Haefelfinger, M. P. Schoerlin: Pharmacokinetics of moclobemide after single and multiple oral dosing with 150 milligrams 3 times daily for 15 days. Acta Psychiatr Scand [Suppl] 360: 91–93, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  445. R. Jauch, E. Griesser, G. Oesterhelt, W. Arnold, W. Meister, W. H. Ziegler, T. W. Guentert: Biotransformation of moclobemide in humans. Acta Psychiatr Scand [Suppl] 360: 87–90, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  446. K. Stoeckel, J. P. Pfefen, M. Mayersohn, M. P. Schoerlin, C. Andressen, E. E. Ohnhaus, F. Frey, T. W. Guentert: Absorption and disposition of moclobemide in patients with advanced age or reduced liver or kidney function. Acta Psychiatr Scand [Suppl] 360: 94–97, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  447. M.-P. Schoerlin, M. Mayersohn, B. Hoevels, H. Eggers, M. Dellenbach, J.-P. Pfefen: Effect of food intake on the relative bioavailability of moclobemide (Ro 11–1163). J Neural Transm [Suppl] 26: 115–121, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  448. A. F. D. Cole, J. G. Baxter, B. J. Jackson, P. Hew-Wing, T. W. Guentert, D. Lalka: Pharmacokinetic and metabolic aspects of the moclobemide-food interaction. Psychopharmacology 106 [Suppl]: 37–39, 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  449. M.-P. Schoerlin, R. A. Blouin, J. P. Pfefen, T. W. Guentert: Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of moclobemide in poor and efficient metabolizers of debrisoquine. Acta Psychiatr Scand [Suppl] 360: 98–100, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  450. M.-P. Schoerlin, T. W. Guentert: Pharmacokinetic und Metabolismus reversibler MAO-A-Hemmer beim Menschen. Psychiat Prax 16: 11–17, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  451. H. Oelschläger, D. J. Temple: The role of N-oxidation in the metabolism of morpholine containing drugs. In: J. W. Gorrod, ed. Biological Oxidation of Nitrogen. Amsterdam: Elsevier North-Holland, pp. 71–82, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  452. R. F. Squires, J. B. Lassen: Some pharmacological and biochemical properties of γ-morpholino-butyrophenone (NSD 2023), a new monoamine oxidase inhibitor. Biochem. Pharmacol 17: 369–384, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  453. S. O. Olsson, J. Schrold: A comparison of FG 5310, a new selective monoamine oxidase inhibitor, and other MAO inhibitors on the blood pressure response to tyramine. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol 29 [Suppl 4]: 51, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  454. E. Morier, A. L. Helgonalch, M. Poisson, P. H. Huchez, R. Rips: Abstract 1997 P, IUPHAR 9th International Congress of Pharmacology, London, July 20-August 3, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  455. J.-P. Kan, R. Steinberg, J. Leclerq, P. Worms, R. Bizière: Monoamine oxi-dase-inhibiting properties of SR 95191, a new pyrazidine derivative in the rat. Evidence for selective and reversible inhibition of monoamine oxidase type A in vivo but not in vitro. J Neurochem 50: 1137–1144, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  456. J. P. Kan, R. Steinberg, C. Mouget-Goniot, P. Worms, K. Bizière: SR 95191, a selective inhibitor of type A monoamine oxidase with dopaminergic properties. Biochemical characterization of monoamine oxidase inhibition. J Pharmac Exp Ther 240: 251–258, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  457. P. Worms, J. P. Kan, C. G. Wermuth, R. Roncucci, K. Bizière: SR 95191, a selective inhibitor of type A monoamine oxidase with dopaminergic properties. I. Psychopharmacological profile in rodents. J Pharmac Exp Ther 240: 241–250, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  458. M. H. Fernandez, P. Soares-da-Silva: Effects of MAO-A and MAO-B selective inhibitors Ro 41–1049 and Ro 19–63427 on the deamination of newly formed dopamine in the rat kidney. J Pharmac Exp Ther 255: 1309–1313, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  459. A. M. Cesura, M. D. Galva, R. Imhof and M. Da Prada: Binding of [3H]Ro 16–6491, a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type B, to human brain mitochondria and platelet membranes. J Neurochem 48: 170–176, 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  460. A. M. Cesura, R. Imhof, M. D. Galva, R. Kettler, M. Da Prada: Interaction of the novel inhibitor of MAO-B Ro 19–6327 and Ro 16–6491 with the active site of the enzyme. Pharmacol Res Comm 20 [Suppl] IV: 51–61, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  461. A. M. Cesura, R. Imhof, B. Takacs, M. D. Galva, G. B. Picotti, M. Da Prada: [3H]Ro 16–6491, a selective probe for affinity labelling of monoamine oxidase type B in human brain and platelet membranes. J Neurochem 50: 1037–1043, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  462. R. Kettler, M. Da Prada: Platelet MAO-B activity in humans and stump-tail monkeys: in vivo effects of the reversible MAO-B inhibitor Ro 19–6327. In: H. Przuntek, P. Riederer, eds. Early Diagnosis and Preventive Therapy in Parkinson’s Disease. Wien: Springer Verlag, pp. 213–219, 1989.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  463. R. Kettler, A. M. Cesura, J. Dingemanse, M. Da Prada: MAO-B inhibition in rabbit tissues and in human platelets by Ro 19–6327 shows similar time course. J Neural Transm [Suppl] 32: 211–214, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  464. M. Da Prada: New Approaches to the treatment of age-related brain disorders. Can J Neurol Sci 18: 384–386, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  465. C. J. Bench, G. W. Price, A. A. Lammertsma, J. C. Cremer, S. K. Luthra, D. Turton, R. J. Dolan, R. Kettler, J. Dingemanse, M. Da Prada, M. Bizière, G. R. McClelland, V. L. Jamieson, N. B. Wood, R. S. J. Frackowiak: Measurement of human cerebral monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B) activity with positron emission tomography (PET): a dose ranging study with the reversible inhibitor Ro 19–6327. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 40: 169–173, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  466. P. C. Waldmeier, A. E. Feiner, K. F. Tipton: The monoamine oxidase inhibiting properties of CGP 11305 A. Eur J Pharmacol 94: 73–83, 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  467. P.C. Waldmeier, J.-J. Feldtrauer, K. Stoecklin, E. Paul: Reversibility of the interaction of CGP 11305 A with MAO-A in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol 94: 101–108, 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  468. M. C. Anderson, P. C. Waldmeier, K. F. Tipton: The inhibition of monoamine oxidase by brofaromine. Biochem. Pharmacol 41: 1871–1877, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  469. P. C. Waldmeier, K. Stöcklin: Binding of [3H]brofaromine to monoamine oxidase A in vivo: displacement by clorgyline and moclobemide. Eur J Pharmacol 180: 297–304, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  470. P. C. Waldmeier, P. A. Baumann: Effect of CGP 11305 A, a new reversible and selective inhibitor of MAO-A, o biogenic amine levels and metabolism in the rat brain. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch Pharmacol 324: 20–25.

    Google Scholar 

  471. P. C. Waldmaier, K. Stöcklin: The reversible MAO inhibitor brofaromine, inhibits serotonin uptake in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol 169: 197–204, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  472. H. J. Möller, G. Wendt, P. Waldmeier: Brofaromine — a selective, reversible, and short-acting MAO-A inhibitor: review of the pharmacological and clinical findings. Pharmacopsychiatry 24: 50–54, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  473. A. Delini-Stula, C. Hunn: Effects of imipramine and brofaromine, a selective and reversible MAO-A inhibitor, on novelty-oriented behavior in rats. Pharmacopsychiatry 19: 245–246, 1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  474. N. Hengen, M. Jedrychowski, E.Hoffmann: Pharmacokinetics of CGP 11305 A in man after acute and prolonged oral treatment. In: K. F. Tipton, P. Dostert, M. Strolin Benedetti, eds. Monoamine Oxidase and Disease. Prospects for Therapy with Reversible Inhibitors. New York: Academic Press, pp. 185–191, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  475. P. H. Degen, W. Dieterle, W. Schneider, W. Theobald: Pharmacokinetics of the MAO-A inhibitor brofaromine HCI in elderly. In: C. N. Stefanis, C. R. Soldatos, A. D. Ravabilas. Psychiatry Today. Accomplishments and Promises. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, p. 276, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  476. W. Schneider, B. Keller, P. H. Degen: Determination of the new monoamine oxidase inhibitor brofaromine and its major metabolite in biological material by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. J Chromatogr 488: 275–282, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  477. J. P. Kan, A. Malone, M. Strolin Benedetti: Monoamine oxidase inhibitory properties of 5-hydroxymethyl-3-m-tolyloxazolidin-2-one (toloxatone). J Pharm Pharmacol 30: 190–192, 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  478. P. E. Keane, J. P. Kan, N. Sontag, M. Strolin Benedetti: Monoamine oxidase inhibition and brain amine metabolism after oral treatment with toloxatone in the rat. J Pharm Pharmacol 31: 752–754, 1979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  479. A. L. Green: Assessment of the potency of reversible MAO inhibitors in vivo. In: K. F. Tipton, P. Dostert, M. Strolin Benedetti, eds. Monoamine Oxidase and Disease. Prospects for Therapy with Reversible Inhibitors. New York: Academic Press, pp. 73–81, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  480. P. C. Waldmeier, A. E. Feiner, J. Lauber: Reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors: relation between effects on enzymatic activity measured ex vivo and on amine metabolism. In: K. F. Tipton, P. Dostert, M. Strolin Benedetti, eds. Monoamine Oxidase and Disease. Prospects for Therapy with Reversible Inhibitors. New York: Academic Press, pp. 107–126, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  481. V. Rovei, F. Rumigny: Biochimie, pharmacocinétique et biotransformation DEla toloxatone (Humoryl), un nouvel inhibiteur reversible DEla MAO-A. Extraits du Compte Rendu du Congrès DEPsychiatrie et DENeurologie DELangue Française. LXXXIII Session Besançon: 333–343, 1985,

    Google Scholar 

  482. M. Strolin Benedetti, V. Rovei, S. J. Dencker, A. Nagz, R.Johansson: Pharmacokinetics of toloxatone in man following intravenous and oral administrations. Arzneim-Forsch/Drug Res 32: 276–280, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  483. V. Rovei, S. Vajta, J. P. LeMoing, M. Strolin Benedetti: Metabolism of toloxatone in man. K. F. Tipton, P. Dostert, M. Strolin-Benedetti. Monoamine Oxidase and Disease. Prospects for Therapy with Reversible Inhibitors. New York: Academic Press, pp. 633–634, 1984

    Google Scholar 

  484. A. Malnoe, M. Strolin Benedetti: Metabolic fate of 3-methylphenyl)-5-hy-droxymethyl-2-oxazolidinone (toloxatone), a new antidepressant agent, in man. Xenobiotica 9: 281–288, 1979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  485. J. P. Kan, M. Strolin Benedetti: Characteristics of the inhibition of rat brain monoamine oxidase in vitro by MD 780515. J Neurochem 36: 1561–1571, 1981.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  486. C. J. Fowler, M. Strolin Benedetti: Cimoxatone is a reversible tight-binding inhibitor of the A form of rat brain monoamine oxidase. J. Neurochem 40: 510–513, 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  487. J. P. Kan, M. Strolin Benedetti: Antagonism between long acting monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) and MD 780515, a new specific and reversible MAOI. Life Sci 26: 2165–2171, 1980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  488. V. Rovei, M. Mitchard, M. Strolin Benedetti: Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of cimoxatone in rat, dog and man. In: K. F. Tipton, P. Dostert, M. Strolin Benedetti, eds. Monoamine Oxidase and Disease. Prospects for Therapy with Reversible Inhibitors. New York: Academic Press, pp. 173–184, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  489. M. Strolin Benedetti, T. Boucher, C. J. Fowler: The deamination of noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine by rat brain and heart monoamine oxidase and their inhibition by cimoxatone, toloxatone and MD 770222. Naunyn Schmiedeberg’s Arch Pharmacol 323: 315–320, 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  490. V. Rovei, F. Chanoine, M. Strolin Benedetti, R. Zini, J. P. Tillement: Plasma protein binding of the reversible type A MAO inhibitor cimoxatone. Biochem Pharmacol 32: 2303–2308, 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  491. P. Dostert, M. Strolin Benedetti, C. Guffroy: Different stereoselective inhibition of monoamine oxidase B by the R- and S-enantiomers of MD 780236. J Pharm Pharmacol 35: 161–165, 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  492. K. F. Tipton, C. J. Fowler, J. M. McCrodden, M. Strolin Benedetti: The enzyme-activated irreversible inhibition of type B monoamine oxidase by 3-(4-[(3-chlorophenyl)-methylphenyl)-5-[(methylamino)methyl]-2-oxazo-lidinone methanesulphonate (compound MD 780236) and the enzyme-catalysed oxidation of this compound as competing reactions. Biochem J 209: 235–242, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  493. K. S. Gates, R. B. Silverman: Model studies for the mechanism of inactivation of monoamine oxidase by 5-(aminomethyl)-3-aryl-2-oxazolidi-nones. J Am Chem Soc 111: 8891–8895, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  494. M. Strolin Benedetti, P. Dostert, C. Guffroy, K. F. Tipton: Partial or total protection from long-acting monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) by new short-acting MAOIs of type A MD 780515 and type B MD 780236. Mod Probl Pharmacopsychiat 19: 82–104, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  495. M. Strolin Benedetti, V. Rovei, A. Thiola, A. Donath: Metabolism of MD 240928, a short-acting type B MAOI in rat, dog and man. In: K. F. Tipton, P. Dostert, M. Strolin Benedetti, eds. Monoamine Oxidase and Disease: Prospects for Therapy with Reversible Inhibitors. New York: Academic Press, pp. 203–216, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  496. M. Strolin Benedetti, J. Dow, T. Boucher, P. Dostert: Metabolism of the monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor, MD 780236 and its enantiomers by the A and B forms of the enzyme in the rat. J Pharm Pharmacol 35: 837–840, 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  497. W. Weyler, J. I. Salach, R. T. Coutts, G. B. Baker: Nonstereoselective reduction of monoamine oxidase from bovine liver by analogs of amphetamine. In: R. C. Bray, P. C. Engel, S. G. Mayhew eds. Flavins and Flavoproteins. New York: Walter de Gruyter, pp. 595–598, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  498. A. L. Ask, K. Hoegberg, L. Schmidt, H. Kiessling, S. B. Ross: (+)-4-Di-methylamino-2, α-dimethylphenethylamine [FLA 336 (+)], a selective inhibitor of the A form of monoamine oxidase in the rat brain. Biochem. Pharmacol 31: 1401–1406, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  499. A. L. Ask, I. Fagervall, S. F. Ross: Evidence for a selective inhibition by FLA 336 (+) of the monoamine oxidase in serotonergic neurones in the rat brain. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol 51: 395–396, 1982.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  500. A. L. Ask, I. Fagervall, M. Jonze, D. Kelder, R. Nygren, S. B. Ross: Effects of acute and repeated administration of amiflamine on monoamine oxidase inhibition in the rat. Biochem Pharmacol 33: 2839–2847, 1984.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  501. A. L. Ask: Selective inhibition by amiflamine of monoamine oxidase type A in rat brain, liver and duodenum. Naunyn Schmiedeberg’s Arch Pharmacol 327: 56–63, 1984.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  502. P. Blier, C. DeMontigny, A.J. Azzaro: Effect of repeated amiflamine administration on serotonergic and noradrenergic neurotransmission: electrophysiological studies in the rat CNS. Naunyn Schmiedeberg’s Arch Pharmacol 334: 253–260, 1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  503. H. Standish-Barry, A. C. P. Sim, B. Olsson, K. Rix: An open label study of amiflamine — a selective MAO-A inhibitor — in depressive illness. IVth World Cong Biol Psychiat 4: 194, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  504. G. Graffner, G. Alvan, M. Grind, D. Lake-Bakaar, J. E. Lindgren, J. Lundstroem, H. Selander: Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of amiflamine in rat, dog and man. In: K. F. Tipton, P. Dostert, M. Strolin Benedetti, eds. Monoamine Oxidase and Disease. Prospects for Therapy with Reversible Inhibitors. New York: Academic Press, pp. 194–201, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  505. D. L. Nelson, A. Herbet, Y. Petillot, L. Pichot, J. Glowinsky, M. Hamon: [3H]Harmaline as a specific ligand for MAO-A. I. Properties of the active site of MAO-A from rat and bovine brain. J Neurochem 32: 1817–1827, 1979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  506. T. May, H. Rommelspacher, M. Pawlik: [3H]Harman binding experiments. I. A reversible and selective radioligand for monoamine oxidase subtype A in the CNS of the rat. J Neurochem 56: 490–499, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  507. T. May, M. Pawlik, H. Rommelspacher: [3H]Harman binding experiments. II. Regional and subcellular distribution of specific [3H]harman binding and monoamine oxidase subtypes A and B activity in marmoset and rat. J Neurochem 56: 500–508, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  508. G. R. Elliot, R. B. Holman: Tryptolines as potential modulators of serotoninergic function. In: E. Usdin, D. Hamberg, J. Barchas eds. Neuromodulators and Psychiatric Disorders. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 220–228, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  509. M. B. H. Youdim, B. Oppenheim: The effect of l, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-β-car-boline on monoamine metabolism in the human platelet and platelet aggregation. Neurosci 6: 801–810, 1981.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  510. L. R. Meyerson, K. D. McMurtrey, V. E. Davis: Neuramine-derived alkaloids: substrate-preferred inhibitors of type A monoamine oxidase in vitro. Biochem Pharmacol 25: 1013–1020, 1977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  511. M. E. Bembenek, C. W. Abell, L. A. Chrisey, M. D. Rozwadowska, W. Gessner, A. Brossi: Inhibition of monoamine oxidase A and B by simple isoquinoline alkaloids: racemic and optically active 1,2,3,4-tetrahy-dro-, 3,4-dihydro-, and fully aromatic isoquinolines. J Med Chem 33: 147–152, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  512. H. L. White, O. Beek, G. Rigdon, G. W. Kraemer, B. R. Cooper: Biochemical and pharmacological properties of BW 1370U87 — a novel, selective monoamine oxidase-A inhibitor. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 1: 315–317, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  513. R. E. Becker, C. T. Giambalvo, R. A. Fox, M. Macho: Endogenous inhibitors of monoamine oxidase present in human cerebrospinal fluid. Science 221: 476–478, 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  514. T. Egashira, S. Goto, F. Murayama, Y. Yamanaka: Inhibition of MAO activity, 3H-imipramine binding, 3H-paroxetine binding and 3H-5-HT uptake by human cerebrospinal fluid. J Neural Transm [Suppl] 32: 447–456, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  515. V. Glover, M. A. Reveley, M. Sandler: A monoamine oxidase inhibitor in human urine. Biochem Pharmacol 29: 467–470, 1980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  516. I. Armando, V. Glover, M. Sandler: Distribution of endogenous benzodiazepine receptor ligand-monoamine oxidase inhibiting (tribulin) activity in tissues. Life Sci 38: 2063–2067, 1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  517. V. Glover, I. Armando, A. Clow, M. Sandler: Endogenous urinary monoamine oxidase inhibitor: the benzodiazepine connection. Mod Probl Pharmacopsychiat 19: 118–125, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  518. A. Clow, V. Glover, I. Armando, M. Sandler: New endogenous benzodiazepine receptor ligand in human urine: identity with endogenous monoamine oxidase inhibitor? Life Sci 33: 735–741, 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  519. V. Glover, J. Halket, P. Watkins, A. Clow, B. Goodwin, M. Sandler: Isation: identity with the purified endogenous monoamine oxidase inhibitor, tribulin. J Neurochem 51: 656–659, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  520. J. Jarman, A. Przyborowska, V. Glover, J. Halket, P. T. Davies, F. C. Rose, M. Sandler: Urinary output of endogenous monoamine oxidase inhibitor and isatin during acute migraine attacks. J Neural Transm [Gen Sect] 84: 129–134, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  521. I. M. McIntyre, T. R. Norman: Serotonergic effects of isatin: an endogenous MAO inhibitor related to tribulin. J Neural Transm [Gen Sect] 79: 35–40, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  522. M. Stabl, K. Bizière, W. Schmid-Burgk, R. Amrein: Review of comparative clinical trials. Moclobemide vs tricyclic antidepressants and vs placebo in depressive states. J Neural Transm Suppl 28: 77–89, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  523. L. Botte, C. Gilles, J. L. Evrard, P. Mester, C. Wolfrum, M. Berger, K. Hellstern, J. Ward: Moclobemide versus placebo in the treatment of depression: A multicenter study in Belgium. Acta Psychiat Scand 82 Suppl: 42, 2 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  524. J. Angst, M. Stabl: Efficacy of moclobemide in different patient groups: a meta analysis of studies. Psychopharmacol 106 Suppl: 109–113, 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  525. E. Moll, M. Stabl, R. Wegscheider, R. Amrein: Long-term treatment with moclobemide. Psychopharmacol 106 Suppl: 109–113, 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  526. M. B. H. Youdim, M. Da Prada, R. Amrein: The cheese effect and new reversible MAO-A inhibition. J Neural Transm Suppl 26: 1–136, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  527. G. D. Burrows, M. Da Prada: Reversible MAO-A inhibitors as antidepressants. J Neural Transm Suppl 28: 1–106, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  528. Psychiatr Prax 16, Suppl 1, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  529. J. Angst: Use of reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase-A in major depression and other psychiatric disorders. Acta Psychiat Scand 82 Suppl 360: 5–33, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  530. R. G. Priest: The treatment of depression in the 1990s — a focus on moclobemide. Acta Psychiat Scand 82, Suppl 360: 39–110, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  531. G. Racagni, T. Fukuda, N. Brunello: MAO inhibitors: basic and clinical studies. Biol. Psychiat 29 (11 S): 10 264–267, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  532. D. Kemali, M. Casacchia: RIMA, reversible inhibitors of MAO-A: the new proposal in the treatment of depression. 5th World Congress of Biological Psychiat, Florence, June 9–14, 1991. Satellite symposium.

    Google Scholar 

  533. J. Angst, H. L. Freeman, S.A. Montgomery, R. G. Priest, G. Racagni: R. I. M. A.: A new concept in the treatment of depression. Proceedings of 2nd internat, symposium on moclobemide, Davos, Switzerland, 1991. Psychopharmacol 106 Suppl: 1–141, 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  534. M. Versiani, V. Oggero, P. Alterwain, R. Capponi, F. Dajas, G. Heinze-Martin, C. A. Marquez, M. A. Poleo, L. E. Rivero-Almanzor, L. Rosel, W. Schmid-Burgk, R. Ucha-Udabe: A double blind comparative trial of moclobemide v. imipramine and placebo in major depressive episodes. Br J Psychiat 155 Suppl 6: 72–77, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  535. D. Bakisch, J. Bradwejn, N. Nair, J. McClure, R. Remick, L. Bulger: A comparison of moclobemide, amitriptyline and placebo in depression: a Canadian multicenter study. Psychopharmacol 106 Suppl: 98–101, 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  536. U. Baumhackl, L. Bizière, R. Fischbach, Ch. Geretsegger, G. Hebenstreit, E. Radruayr: Efficacy and tolerability of moclobemide compared with imipramine in depressive disorder (DSM III): An Austrian double-blind, multicenter study. Brit J Psychiat 155 Suppl 6: 78–83, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  537. J. K. Larsen, P. Holm, P. L. Mikkelsen: Moclobemide and clomipramine in the treatment of depression. A randomized clinical trial. Acta Psychiat Scand 70: 254–260, 1984.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  538. M. Casacchia, A. Carolei, C. Barba, M. Frontoni, A. Rossi, G. Meco, M. R. Zylberman: A placebo-controlled study of the antidepressant activity of moclobemide, a new MAO-A inhibitor. Pharmacopsychiat 17: 122–125, 1984.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  539. T. R. Norman, D. Ames, G. D. Burrows, B. Davies: A controlled study of a specific MAO-A reversible inhibitor (Ro 11–1163) and amitriptyline in depressive illness. J Affect Disorders 8: 29–35, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  540. H. P. Kapfhammer, P. Hoff, E. Golling, E. Rüther, M. Schmauss: Cimoxatone and Moclobemide, two new MAO inhibitors, in the treatment of major depressive disorder. Pharmacopsychiat 19: 247–248, 1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  541. K. Lensch, G. Fuchs, J. Boning, U. Milech: A clinical study of the selective MAO-A inhibitor moclobemide (Ro 11–1163): a comparison of 2 different dosages with particular reference to platelet MAO-activity and urinary MHPG-excretion. Intern et Clin Psychopharmacol 2: 165–171, 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  542. M. Casacchia, A. Rossi: A comparison of moclobemide and imipramine in treatment od depression. Pharmacopsychiat 22: 152–155, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  543. I. Gabelic, E. Moll: Moclobemide (Ro 11–1163) versus desipramine in the treatment of endogenous depression. Presented at the International Symposium “The Treatment of Depression in the 1990’s”. Lissabon, Portugal, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  544. C. N. Stefanis, B. Alevizos, G. Papadimitriou, J. Hatzimanolis, M. Marki-anos: Clinical experience with a new monoamine oxidase inhibitor, moclobemide (Ro 11–1163). Curr Med Res Opin 11: 65–72, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  545. G. Laux, W. Classen, E. Sofic, T. Becker, K. P. Lesch, M. Struck, M. Beckmann: Clinical, biochemical and psychometric findings with the new MAO-A inhibitors moclobemide and brofaromine in patients with major depressive disorders. J Neural Transm Suppl 32: 189–195, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  546. C. Koczkas, P. Holm, A. Karlsson, A. Nagy, E. Ose, H. Pétursson, L. Ul-veras, O. Wenedikter: Moclobemide and clomipramine ind endogenous depression. A randomized clinical trial. Acta Psychiat Scand 79: 523–529, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  547. H.J. Funke, E. Moritz, K. Hellstern, H. Malanowsky: Moclobemide in the treatment of depression: Single centre study Germany. Acta Psychiat Scand 82 Suppl 360: 46–47, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  548. J. Civeira, S. Gervera, J. Giner, S. R. Allen, K. Hellstern, H. Malanowski, R. Wirz, K. Klar: Moclobemide versus clomipramine in the treatment of depression: A multicenter trial in Spain. Arch Psychiat Scand 82 Suppl 360: 48–49, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  549. G. Beckers, A. Vereeken, E. de Bleeker, C. Jaunes, G. Sieben, J. Faid-herbe, C. Wolfrum, M. Berger, K. Hellstern, J. Ward: Moclobemide vs. amitriptyline in the treatment of depression: two double-blind multicentre studies in Belgium. Acta Psychiat Scand 82, Suppl 360: 52–53, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  550. M. Dierick, P. Cattiez, G. Franck, P. Burton, J. Defleur, W. Hermans, A. Roelandts, C. Wolfrum, M. Berger, K. Hellstern, J. Ward: Moclobemide versus clomipramine in the treatment of depression: A double-blind multicentre study in Belgium. Acta Psychiat Scand 82 Suppl 360: 50–51, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  551. J. D. Guelfi, C. Payan, J. Fermanian, A. M. Pedarriosse, R. Manfredi: Moclobemide versus clomipramine in endogenous depression: a double-blind randomized clinical trial. Brit J Psychiat 1992. In press.

    Google Scholar 

  552. L. Barrelet, B. Blajev, L. Bolzani, C. de Saussure, A. Kasas, H. Van, J. P. Gachoud: Etude multicentrique comparant l’efficacité et la tolérance du moclobémide et DEla fluvoxamine chez des patients hospitalisés et ambulatoires présentant un épisode dépressif majeur. Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax 80: 524–528, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  553. I. Schweitzer, J. Tiller, K. Maquire, B. Davies: Treatment of atypical depression with moclobemide: A sequential double controlled study. Int J Clin Pharm Res IX: 111–117, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  554. Y. Lecrubier, J. D. Guelfi: Efficacy of reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase-A in various forms of depression. Acta Psychiat Scand Suppl 82: 18–23, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  555. J. K. Larsen, P. Holm, E. Hoyer, A. Mejlhede, P. L. Mikkelsen, A. Olesen, E. Schaumburg: Moclobemide and clomipramine in reactive depression. A placebo controlled randomized clinical trial. Acta Psychiat Scand 79: 530–536, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  556. M. Burner: Antidépresseur inhibiteur réversible et sélectif DEla MAO-A. Méd hyg 48: 2245–2247, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  557. P. Hoff, H. Golling, H. P. Kapfhammer, R. Lund, G. Pakesch, E. Rüther, M. Schmauss: Cimoxatone and moclobemide, two new MAO-inhibitors: influence on sleep parameters in patients with major depressive disorder. Pharmacopsychiat 19: 249–250, 1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  558. J. M. Monti, P. Alterwain, D. Monti: The effects of moclobemide on nocturnal sleep of depressed patients. J Affect Disord 20: 201–208, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  559. S. R. Allen, T. Lorscheid, T. Vranesic, R. Amrein: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO’s) and sleep. Human Psychopharmacol: clinical and experimental 5: 70–71, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  560. R. Anand, K. A. Wesnes: Cognition-enhancing effects of moclobemide, a reversible MAO-inhibitor, in humans. Adv Neurology 51: 261–268, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  561. K. Wesnes, R. Anand, T. Lorscheid: Potential of moclobemide to improve cerebral insufficiency identified using a scopolamine model of aging and dementia. Acta Psychiat Scand Suppl 82: 71–72, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  562. J. U. Postma, D. Vranesic: Moclobemide in the treatment of depression in demented geriatric patients. Acta Therapeutica 11: 1–4, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  563. J. Kummer, L. Gundel, T. Lorscheid: Efficacy and safety of moclobemide (150–300 mg) compared to maprotiline (75–150 mg) in the treatment of geriatric depressed patients. In Amrein et al. Brit J Psychiat 155 Suppl 6: 66–71, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  564. V. Chan-Palay: Depression and Alzheimer’s disease: A role for moclobemide: Biol Psychiat 29 (11 S): 264, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  565. P. Bailador, A. Delfino: Moclobemide in attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Double-blind comparison with placebo. Presented at 9th congress of the European society of child and adolescent psychiatry-ESCAP, London 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  566. E. Trott, H. J. Friese, M. Menzel, G. Nissen: The use of moclobemide in children with attention deficit hyperactive disorder. Psychopharmacol 106 Suppl: 134–136, 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  567. S. Gasic, A. Korn, H. G. Eichler, et al: Cardiocirculatory effects of moclobemide (Ro 11–1163), a new reversible, short-acting MAO-inhibitor with preferential type inhibition, in healthy volunteers and depressive patients. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 25: 173–177, 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  568. E. Moll, W. Hetzel: Moclobemide (Ro 11–1163) safety in depressed patients. Acta Psychiat Scand Suppl 82: 69–70, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  569. J. G. Ramaekers, H. F. Swijgamn, J. F. O’Hanlon: Effects of moclobemide and mianserin on highway driving, psychometric performance and subjective parameters, relative to placebo. Psychopharmacol 106 Suppl: 62–67, 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  570. R. Blois, J. M. Gaillard: Effects of moclobemide on sleep in healthy human subjects. Acta Psychiat Scand Suppl 82: 73–75, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  571. I. Hindmarch, I. Kerr: Behavioural toxicity of antidepressants with particular reference to moclobemide. Psychopharmacol 106 Suppl: 49–55, 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  572. W. Classen, G. Laux: Psychometric alterations in treatment with the MAO-A inhibitor moclobemide. J Neural Transm Suppl 32: 185–188, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  573. G. M. Newburn, A. R. Fraser, D. B. Menkes, P. E. Mullen: A double blind trial of moclobemide versus amitriptyline in the treatment of depressive disorders. Aust New Zealand J Psychiat 24: 475–479, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  574. A. Korn, H. G. Eichler, R. Fischbach, S. Gasic: Moclobemide, a new reversible MAO-inhibitor — interaction with tyramine and tricyclic antidepressants in healthy volunteers and depressive patients. Psychopharmacol 88: 153–157, 1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  575. J. W. G. Tiller: Antidepressants, alcohol and psychomotor performance. Acta Psychiat Scand Suppl 82: 13–17, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  576. R. Zimmer, R. Gieschke, R. Fischbach, S. Gasic: Interaction studies with moclobemide. Acta Psychiat Scand Suppl 82: 84–86, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  577. I. Berlin, A. Cournot, R. Zimmer, A. M. Pedarriosse, R. Manfredi, P. Mo-linier, A. J. Puech: Evalution and comparison of the interaction between alcohol and moclobemide or clomipramine in healthy subjects. Psychopharmacol 100: 40–45, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  578. T. W. Guentert, M. Schmitt, J. Dingemanse, J. H. G. Jonkman: Influence of moclobemide on Ibuprofen-induced fecal blood loss. Psychopharmacol 106 Suppl: 40–42, 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  579. R. Amrein, T. W. Guentert, J. Dingemanse, T. Lorscheid, M. Stabl, W. Schmid-Burgk: Interaction of moclobemide with concomitantly administered medication: evidence from pharmacological and clinical studies. Psychopharmacol 106 Suppl: 24–31, 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  580. J. W. G. Tiller, K. P. Maguire, B. M. Davies: Tyramine pressor response with moclobemide - A reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor. Psychiat Res 22: 213–220, 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  581. W. Schmid-Burgk, R. Gieschke, S. Allen, R. Amrein: Moclobemide, a new reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor, and tyramine interaction studies. Curr Ther Res., Clin Exp 43: 903–917, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  582. A. Korn, M. Da Prada, W. Raffesberg, S. Gasic, H. G. Eichler: Effect of moclobemide, a new reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor, on absorption and pressor effect of tyramine. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 11: 17–23, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  583. P. R. Bieck: Hypertensive Krisen unter reversiblen Hemmstoffen der Monoaminoxidase, Ergebnisse von Tyramin-Interaktionsstudien. Psychiat Praxis 16, Suppl 1: 25–31, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  584. P. R. Bieck, K. H. Antonin: Tyrmine potentiation during treatment with MAO-inhibitors. J Neural Transm Suppl 28: 21–31, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  585. C. D. Burgees, G. W. Mellsop: Interaction between moclobemide and oral tyramine in depressed patients. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 3: 47–52, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  586. I. Berlin, R. Zimmer, A. Cournot, C. Payan, A. M. Pedarriosse, A. J. Puech: Determination and comparison of the pressor effect of tyramine during long-term moclobemide and tranylcypromine treatment in healthy volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 46: 344–351, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  587. S. Wijnands, P. C. Chang, G. J. Blauw, J. Van-den-Krogt, R. Gieschke, M. P. Schoerlin, P. Van-Brummelen: Potentiation of the pressor effect of oral and intravenous tyramine during administration of the selective MAO-A inhibitor moclobemide in healthy volunteers. J Psychopharmacol 3: 36–44, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  588. R. Zimmer: Relationship between tyramine potentiation and monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition: Comparison between moclobemide and other MAO inhibitors. Acta Psychiat Scand Suppl 82: 81–83, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  589. R. Zimmer, A.J. Puech, F. Philipp, A. Korn: Interaction between orally administered tyramine and moclobemide. Acta Psychiat Scand Suppl 82: 78–80, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  590. K. Stoeckel, J. P. Pfefen, M. Mayersohn, M. P. Schoerlin, C. Andressen, E. E. Ohnhaus, F. Frey, T. W. Guentert. Absorption and disposition of moclobemide in patients with advanced age or reduced liver or kidney function. Acta Psychiat Scand Suppl 82: 94–97, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  591. J. R. Cusson, E. Goldenberg, P. Larochelle: Effect of a novel monoamine-oxidase inhibitor, moclobemide on the sensitivity to intravenous tyramine and norepinephrine in humans. J Clin Pharmacol 31: 462–467, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  592. S.J. Warrington, P. Turner, T. G. K. Mant, P. Morrison, G. Hywood, V. Glover, B. L. Goodwin, M. Sandler, P. St. John-Smith, G. R. McClelland: Clinical pharmacology of moclobemide, a new reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor. J Psychopharmacol 5: 82–91, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  593. J. Dingemanse, A. Korn, J. P. Pfefen, T. W. Güntert: Biochemical effects of high single doses of moclobemide in man: correlation with plasma concentrations. Psychopharmacol 106 Suppl: 46–48, 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  594. R. Gieschke, W. Schmid-Burgk, R. Amrein: Interaction of moclobemide a new reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor with oral tyramine. J Neural Transm Suppl 26: 97–104, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  595. M. Da Prada, G. Zürcher, I. Wüthrich, W. E. Haefely: On tyramine, food, beverages and the reversible MAO-inhibitor moclobemide. J Neural Transm Suppl 26: 31–56, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  596. C. N. Stefanis, C. R. Soldatos, A. D. Rabavilas (Eds.): Psychiatry Today. Accomplishments and Promises. VIII World Congr. of Psychiatry, Athens 1989. Abstracts. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, Oxford, New York (Internat Congr Ser No 899).

    Google Scholar 

  597. M.J. Möller, E. S. Paykel: 5th World congress on Biological Psychiatry, Florence 1991. Symposium “Renaissance of monoamine oxidase inhibitors: the new selective and reversible generation”.

    Google Scholar 

  598. A. Delini-Stula: Profile of Action of CGP 11–305 A, a new reversible and selective MAO-A inhibitor, in man: Findings in healthy volunteers and early results in depressed patients. Monoamine oxidase and disease. Prospects for Ther with reversible inhibitors. Based on the Proc of a conf held 26–28 Oct 1983 in Paris, France. Ed. K. F. Tipton, P. Dosiert, M. Strolin Benedetti. London, Academic Press: 616–617, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  599. F. Holsboer, A. Gerken, A. Steiger, O. Benkert: Antidepressive effects of CGP 11–305 A inhibitor. Monoamine oxidase and disease. Prospects for Ther with reversible inhibitors. Based on the Proc of conf held 26–28 Oct 1983 in Paris, France. Ed K. F. Tipton, P. Dostert, M. Strolin Benedetti. London, Academic Press 622–623, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  600. A. Steiger, F. Holboer, A. Gerken, L. Demisch, O. Benkert: Results of an open clinical trial of brofaromine (CGP 11 305 A), a competitive, selective, and short-acting inhibitor of MAO-A in endogenous depression. Phar-macopsychiat 20: 262–269, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  601. H. J. Moeller, G. Wendt: Brofaromine - A selective, reversible and short acting MAO-A inhibitor. Psychiat Prax 16: 32–36, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  602. W. Schiwy, W. R. Heath, A. Delini-Stula: Therapeutic and side-effect profile of a selective and reversible MAO-A inhibitor, brofaromine. Results of dose-finding trials in depressed patients. J Neural Transm Suppl 28: 33–44, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  603. A. Oezdaglar, K. Wiedemann, C. J. Lauer, J. C. Krieg: Brofaromine (CGP 11 305 A) in the treatment of panic disorders. Pharmacopsychiat 22: 211–212, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  604. K. Nahunek, J. Svestka, R. Rysanek, E. Ceskoya: Brofaromine in the treatment of endogenous depression. An open study, Activ nerv super 32: 230–231, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  605. J. Fritze, T. Becker, V. Ziegler, G. Laux, P. Riederer: Brofaromine (CGP 11 305 A) in treatment of depression: Biological estimation of plasma concentrations. Pharmacopsychiat 23: 131–134, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  606. M. Zapletalek, F. Faltus, J. Svestka, J. Molcan, U. Binz, G. Wendt: Selective and reversible MAO-inhibitor brofaromine compared with tranylcypromine. Muench med Wochenschr Suppl 132: 18–20, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  607. E. K. Fischer, M. Heim, H.J. Moller, R. Uebelhack, M. Wolfersdorf, I. Borner, U. Binz, G. Wendt: Selective MAO-inhibition vs inhibition of monoamine-reuptake. Clinical study with brofaromine and imipramine. Muench med Wochenschr Suppl 132: 21–24, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  608. E. Moencamp, J. Haffmans: Brofaromine vs maprotiline plus lithium in treatment resistant depressed outpatients, letter. Psychiat research 36: 333–335, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  609. W. A. Nolen, P. F. Bouvy, J. Haffmans: MAO-inhibitors in resistant depression. Biol Psychiat 29 (119): 58, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  610. G. Laux, T. Becker, M. Struck: Switching form MAO-A inhibitors to tricyclic antidepressants: Wash-out still obligatory? Psychopharmacol 96 Suppl: 230, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  611. P. R. Bieck, K. H. Antonin, G. Cremer, C. Gleiter: Tyramine pressor effects of CGP 11–305 A in comparison to tranylcypromine after prolonged treatment of human volunteers. Monoamine oxidase and disease. Prospects for Ther with reversible inhibitors. Based on the proc of a conf held 26–28 Oct 1983 in Paris, France ed. K. F. Tipton, P. Dosiert, M. Strolin Benedetti. London, Academic Press: 505–513, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  612. A. Delini-Stula, E. Radeke, P. C. Waldmeier: Basic and clinical aspects of the activity of the new monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Psychopharmacol-Ser 5: 147–158, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  613. P. R. Bieck, L. Firkusny, C. Schick, K. H. Antonin, E. Nilsson, R. Schulz, M. Schwenk, H. Wollmann: Monoamine oxidase inhibition by phenelzine and brofaromine in healthy volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 45: 260–269, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  614. K. H. Antonin, M. Jedrychowski, P. R. Bieck: Brofaromine, pharma-kodynamische und pharmakokinetische Untersuchungen an gesunden Probanden mit einem neuen reversiblen und selektiven Hemmstoff der MAO-A. Muench med Wschr Suppl 132: 13–17, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  615. B. Muehlbauer, G. Gradin-Frimmer, P. Bieck: Safety of reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI): Interaction of brofaromine with sympa-thonimetic drugs in healthy volunteers. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 341 Suppl: 113, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  616. M. P. Schoerlin, M. Meyersohn, B. Hoevels, H. Eggers, M. Dellenbach, J. P. Pfefen: Cimetidine alters the disposition kinetics of the monoamine oxidase-A inhibitor moclobemide. Clin Pharmacol Ther 49: 32–38, 95 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  617. A. Steiger, F. Holsboer, O. Benkert: Effects of brofaromine (CGP 11–305 A), a short-acting, reversible, and selective inhibitor of MAO-A on sleep, nocturnal penile tumescence and nocturnal hormonal secretion in three healthy volunteers. Psychopharmacol 92: 110–114, 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  618. S. Upper, D. L. Murphy, S. Slater, M. S. Buchsbaum: Comparative behavioral effects of clorgyline and pargyline in man: A preliminary evaluation. Psychopharmacol 62: 123–128, 1979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  619. W. Z. Potter, D. L. Murphy, T. A. Wehr, M. Linnoila, F. K. Goodwin: Clorgyline. A new treatment for patients with refractory rapid-cycling disorder. Arch Gen Psychiat 39: 505–510, 1982.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  620. T. P. Zahn, T. R. Insel, D. L. Murphy: Psychophysiological changes during pharmacological treatment of patients with obsessive compulsive disorder. Br J Psychiat 145: 39–44, 1984.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  621. A. Zametkin, J. L. Rapoport, D. L. Murphy et al: Treatment of hyperactive children with monoamine oxidase inhibitors. I. Clinical efficacy. Arch Gen Psychiat 42: 962–966, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  622. R. M. Cohen, D. Pickar, D. Garnett et al: REM sleep suppression induced by selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Psychopharmacol 78: 137–140, 1982.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  623. D. Pickar, D. L. Murphy, R. M. Cohen, I. C. Campell, S. Upper: Selective and nonselective monoamine oxidase inhibitors: Behavioral disturbances during their administration to depressed patients. Arch Gen Psychiat 39: 535–540, 1982.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  624. M. F. Poirier, J. P. Olie, H. Loo et al: Antidepressant activity, pharmacokinetics and biochemical properties of cimoxatone, a new reversible type A MAOI. Encephale 9: 331–343, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  625. M. F. Poirier, J. R. Susini, P. Deniker, V. Rovei, M. Strolin-Benedetti, J. M. Languillat: Cimoxatone in depressed patients: Clinical pharmacokinetic and biochemical results of an open study. Based on the Proc of conf held 26–28 Oct 1983 in Paris, France. Ed K. F. Tipton, P. Dostert, M. Strolin-Benedetti. London, Academic Press: 622–623, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  626. C. T. Dollery, M. J. Brown, D. S. Davies et al: Oral absorption and concentration-effect relationship of tyramine with and without cimoxatone, a type-A specific inhibitor of monoamine oxidase. Clin Pharmacol Ther 34: 651–662, 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  627. P. Hoff, H. Golling, H. P. Kapfhammer, et al: Cimoxatone and moclobemide, two new MAO-inhibitors: Influence on sleep parameters in patients with major depressive disorder. Pharmacopsychiat 19: 249–250, 1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  628. Y. Poisno, J. Gouvernet, R. Sambuc: A multicentre double-blind trial of sulpiride versus toloxatone in patients with reactive depressions and somatization receiving non-specialized care. Sem Hop 64: 1201–1205, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  629. P. Lemoine, C. Mirabaud: A double-blind comparison of moclobemide and toloxatone in out-patients presenting with a major depressive disorder. Psychopharmacol 106 Suppl: 118–119, 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  630. P. Azoyan, R. Gamier, F. J. Baud, M. L. Efthymiou: Toloxatone poisoning: Report of 122 cases. Therapy 45: 139–144, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  631. D. Pateron, G. Babany, A. Hadengue, B. Delafosse, C. Degott, C. Sylvain, D. Larrey, J. P. Benhamou: (Fatal fulminant hepatitis in 2 women taking toloxatone (Humoryl)). Gastroenterol Clin Biol 14: 504–506, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  632. T. Eisler, H. Teravainen, R. Nelson, H. Krebs, V. Weise, C. R. Lake, M. H. Ebert, N. Whetzel, D. L. Murphy, I. J. Kopin, D. B. Calne: Deprenyl in Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 31: 19–23, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  633. M. D. Yahr, T. S. Elizan, D. Moros: Selegiline in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease — long-term experience. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl 126: 157–161, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  634. T. S. Elizan, M. D. Yahr, D. A. Moros, M. R. Mendoza, S. Pang, C. A. Bodian: Selegiline use to prevent progression of Parkinson’s disease. Experience in 22 DEnovo patients. Arch Neurol 46: 1275–1279, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  635. H. Teravainen: Selegiline in Parkinson’s disease. Acta Neurol Scand 81: 333–336, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  636. E. Csanda, M. Tarczy, A. Takats, I. Mogyoros, A. Koves, G. Katona: L-deprenyl in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. J Neural Transm Suppl 19: 283–290, 115 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  637. E. Csanda, M. Tarczy: Selegiline in the early and late phases of Parkinson’s disease. J Neural Transm Suppl 25: 105–113, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  638. T. S. Elizan, D. A. Moros, M. D. Yahr: Early combination of selegiline and low dose levodopa as initial symptomatic therapy in Parkinson’s disease. Experience in 26 patients receiving combined therapy for 16 months. Arch Neurol 48: 31–34, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  639. A. Perenyi, G. Bagdy, M. Arato: An early phase II trial with L-deprenyl for the treatment of neuroleptic induced parkisonism. Pharmacopsychiat 16: 143–146, 118 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  640. The Parkinson Study Group: Effect of deprenyl on the progression of disability in early Parkinson’s disease. N Engl J Med 321: 1364–1371, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  641. The Parkinson Study Group: DATATOP: A multicenter controlled clinical trial in early Parkinson’s disease. Arch Neurol 46: 1052–1060, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  642. J. W. Tetrud, J. W. Langston: The effect of deprenyl (selegiline) on the natural history of Parkinson’s disease. Science 245: 519–522, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  643. J. W. Langston: Selegiline as neuroprotective therapy in Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 40 Suppl 3: 61–66, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  644. Deprenyl for the treatment of early Parkinson’s disease (letters). N Engl J Med 322: 1526–1528, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  645. Deprenyl and the progression of Parkinson’s disease (letters). Science 249: 303–304, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  646. W. Birkmayer, P. Riederer, M. B. Youdim, W. Linauer: The potentiation of the anti akinetic effect after L-dopa treatment by and inhibitor of MAO-B, deprenyl. J Neural Transm 36: 303–326, 1975.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  647. L. Ambrozi, W. Birkmayer, P. Riederer, M. B. H. Youdim: L-dopa and (-)-deprenyl in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease: A long-term study. Proc Brit Pharm Soc: 423P–424P, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  648. W. Birkmayer, P. Riederer, L. Ambrozi, M. B. Youdim: Implications of combined treatment with “Madopar” and L-deprenyl in Parkinson’s disease. A long-term study. Lancet 1: 439–443, 1977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  649. A.J. Lees, K.M. Shaw, L.J. Kohout, G. M. Stern, J. D. Elsworth, M. Sandler, M. B. Youdim: Deprenyl in Parkinson’s disease. Lancet 2: 791–195, 1977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  650. W. Birkmayer: Long-term treatment with L-deprenyl. J Neural Transm 43: 239–244, 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  651. M. D. Yahr: Overview of present day treatment of Parkinson’s disease. J Neural Transm 43: 227–238, 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  652. U.K. Rinne, T. Siirtola, V. Sonninen: L-deprenyl treatment of on-off phenomena in Parkinson’s disease. J Neural Transm 43: 253–262, 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  653. G. M. Stern, A. J. Lees, M. Sandler: Recent observations on the clinical pharmacology of (-)-deprenyl. J Neural Transm 43: 245–251, 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  654. E. Csanda, J. Antal, M. Antony, A. Csanaky: Experiences with L-deprenyl in Parkinsonism. J Neural Transm 43: 263–269, 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  655. C. M. Lander, A. Lees, G. Stern: Oscillations in performance in levodopa-treated parkinsonians: Treatment with bromocriptine and L-deprenyl. Clin Exp Neurol 16: 197–203, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  656. M. Schachter, C. D. Marsden, J. D. Parkes, P. Jenner, B. Testa: Deprenyl in the management of response fluctuations in patients with Parkinson’s disease on levodopa. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 43: 1016–1021, 1980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  657. M. Streifler, J. Vardi, N. Borenstein et al: Beta type mono-amine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors in long-term levodopa-treated Parkinsonism: A combined clinical trial L-deprenyl. Curr Ther Res., Clin Exp 27: 643–648, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  658. J. Wajsbort, K. Kartmazov, B.Oppenheim et al: The clinical and biochemical investigation of L-deprenyl in Parkinson’s disease with special reference to the “on-off” effect. J Neural Transm 55: 201–215, 1982.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  659. W. Birkmayer: Deprenyl (selegiline) in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl 95: 103–105, 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  660. U. K. Rinne: Deprenyl (selegiline) in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl 95: 107–111, 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  661. R. Portin, U. K. Rinne: The effect of deprenyl (selegiline) on cognition and emotion in parkinsonian patients undergoing long-term levodopa treatment. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl 95: 135–144, 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  662. J. Presthus, A. Hajba: Deprenyl (selegiline) combined with levodopa and a decarboxylase inhibitor in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl 95: 127–133, 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  663. M. Streifler, M. J. Rabey: Long-term effects of L-deprenyl in chronic levodopa treated parkinsonian patients. J Neural Transm Suppl 19: 265–272, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  664. F. Gerstenbrand, G. Ransmayr, W. Poewe: Deprenyl (selegiline) in combination treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl 95: 123–126, 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  665. M. D. Yahr, J. R. Mendoza, D. Moros, K. J. Bergmann: Treatment of Parkinson’s disease in early and late phases. Use of pharmacological agents with special reference to deprenyl (selegiline). Acta Neurol Scand Suppl 95: 95–102, 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  666. P. Riederer, K. Jellinger, W. Danielczyk, D. Seemann, G. Ulm, G. Reynolds, P. Birkmayer, H. Koppel: Combination treatment with selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors and dopaminergic agonists in Parkinson’s disease: Biochemical and clinical observations. Adv Neurol 37: 159–176, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  667. Clinical efficacy of deprenyl, a specific inhibitor of MAO-B. Psychopharmacol Bull 19: 328–342, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  668. E. Csanda, M. Tarczy, A. Takats, I. Mogyoros, A. Koves, K. Bihari: Adjuvant drugs in the treatment of on-off phenomena in Parkinson’s disease. Adv Neurol 40: 549–556, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  669. A. N. Lieberman, G. Gopinathan, A. Neophytides, E. Hiesiger, J. Nelson, R. Walker, A. Goodgold: Deprenyl in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. A specific type B monoamine oxidase inhibitor. NY State J Med 84: 13–16, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  670. P. Bordersen, A. Philbert, G. Gulliksen, A. Stigard: The effect of L-deprenyl on on-off phenomena in Parkinson’s disease. Acta Neurol Scand 71: 494–497, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  671. F. Trebini, D. Daniele, S. Gillio, L. Scarzella: Clinical evaluation of selegiline (L-deprenyl) in the long-term L-dopa treatment syndrome. Acta Neurol 40: 432–439, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  672. W. Birkmayer, J. Knoll, P. Riederer, M. B. Youdim, V. Hars, J. Marton: Increased life expectancy resulting from addition of L-deprenyl to Madopar treatment of Parkinson’s disease: a long-term study. J Neural Transm 64: 113–127, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  673. P. Giovannini, M. P. Grassi, G. Scigliano, I. Piccolo, P. Soliveri, T. Carac-eni: Deprenyl in Parkinson disease: Personal experience. Ital J Neurol Sci 6: 207–212, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  674. W. Birkmayer, G. D. Birkmayer: Effect of (—)deprenyl in long-term treatment of Parkinson’s disease. A 10-year experience. J Neural Transm Suppl 22: 219–225, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  675. E. Csanda, M. Tarczy, A. Takats: (—)Deprenyl in the treatment of decompensated Parkinson’s disease. J Neural Transm Suppl 22: 247–252, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  676. S. Ruggieri, A. Denaro, G. Meco, A. Carta, F. Stocchi, A. Agnoli: Multicenter trial of L-deprenyl in Parkinson’s disease. Ital J Neurol Sci 7: 133–137, 1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  677. P. Giovannini, E. Martignoni, I. Piccolo, C. Pacchetti, M. P. Grassi, G. Nappi, T. Caraceni: (—)Deprenyl in Parkinson’s disease: A two-year study in the different evolutive stages. J Neural Transm Suppl 22: 235–246, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  678. E. Ferrari, N. Caccudi, M. De-Mari et al: Selegiline (deprenyl) as coadju-vant in treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Acta Neurol 41: 455–461, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  679. A. J. Lees: Current controversies in the use of selegiline hydrochloride. J Neural Transm Suppl 25: 157–162, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  680. U. K. Rinne: R-(—)-deprenyl as an adjuvant to levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. J Neural Transm Suppl 25: 149–155, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  681. M. D. Yahr: R-(—)-deprenyl and parkinsonism: J Neural Transm Suppl 25: 5–12, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  682. P. A. Fischer, H. Baas: Therapeutic efficacy of R-(—)-deprenyl as adjuvant therapy in advanced parkinsonism. J Neural Transm Suppl 25: 137–147, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  683. L. I. Golbe, R. C. Duvoisin: Double-blind trial of R-(—)-deprenyl for the “on-off” effect complicating Parkinson’s disease. J Neural Transm Suppl 25: 123–129, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  684. H. Przuntek, W. Kuhn: The effect of R-(—)-deprenyl in DEnovo Parkinson patients on combination therapy with levodopa and decarboxylase inhibitor. J Neural Transm Suppl 25: 97–104, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  685. G. Ulm, F. Fornadi: R-(—)-deprenyl in the treatment of end-of-dose akinesia. J Neural Transm Suppl 25: 163–172, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  686. W. Poewe, F. Gerstenbrand, G. Ransmayr: Experience with selegiline in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. J Neural Transm Suppl 25: 131–135, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  687. J. Presthus, J. Berstad, K. Lien: Selegiline (L-deprenyl) and low-dose levodopa treatment of Parkinson’s disease. A double-blind crossover trial. Acta Neurol Scand 76: 200–203, 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  688. A. N. Liebermann, G. Gopinathan, A. Neophytides, S. H. Foo: Deprenyl versus placebo in Parkinson disease: a double-blind study. NY State J med 87: 646–649, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  689. L. I. Golbe. Deprenyl as symptomatic therapy in Parkinson’s disease. Clin Neuropharmacol 11: 387–400, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  690. L. I. Golbe, A. N. Lieberman, M. D. Muenter, J. E. Ahlskog, G. Gopinathan, A. N. Neophytides, S. H. Foo, R. C. Duvoisin: Deprenyl in the treatment of symptom fluctuations in advanced Parkinson’s disease. Clin Neuropharmacol 11: 45–55, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  691. L. I. Golbe: Long-term efficacy and safety of deprenyl (selegiline) in advanced Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 39: 1109–1111, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  692. U. K. Rinne: Combination of a dopamine agonist, MAO-B inhibitor and levodopa, a new strategy in the treatment of early Parkinson’s disease. Acta Neurol Scand 126: 165–169, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  693. E. H. Heinonen, U. K. Rinne, J. Tuominen: Selegiline in the treatment of daily fluctuations in disability of parkinsonian patients with long-term levodopa treatment. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl 126: 113–118, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  694. H. Przuntek, W. Kuhn, P. Kraus: The effect of R-(—)-deprenyl in DEnovo parkinsonian patients pretreated with levodopa and decarboxylase inhibitor correlated to depression and MHPG, HIAA and HVA levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl 126: 153–156, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  695. A. J. Lees, J. Frankel, V. Eatough, G. M. Stern: New approaches in the use of selegiline for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl 126: 139–145, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  696. V. V. Myllyla, K. A. Sotaniemi, J. Tuominen, E. H. Heinonen: Selegiline as primary treatment in early phase Parkinson’s disease — an interim report. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl 126: 177–182, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  697. T. S. Elizan, M. D. Yahr, D. A. Moros, M. R. Mendoza, S. Pang, C. A. Bodian: Selegiline as an adjunct to conventional levodopa therapy in Parkinson’s disease. Experience with this type B Monoamine oxidase inhibitor in 200 patients. Arch Neurol 46: 1280–1283, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  698. B. Sivertsen, E. Dupont, B. Mikkelsen, P. Mogensen, C. Rasmussen, F. Boesen, E. Heinonen: Selegiline and levodopa in early or moderately advanced Parkinson’s disease: A double-blind controlled short- and long-term study. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl 126: 147–152, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  699. U. K. Rinne: New strategies in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl 82: 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  700. F. Fornadi, G. Ulm: Early combination with deprenyl a retrospective analysis. Adv Neurol 53: 437–440, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  701. J. M. Cedarbaum, M. Silvestri, M. Clark, A. Harts, H. Kutt: L-deprenyl, levodopa pharmacokinetics, and response fluctuations in Parkinson’s disease. Clin Neuropharmacol 13: 29–35, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  702. T. S. Elizan, M. D. Yahr, D. A. Moros, M. R. Mendoza, S. Pang, C. A. Bodian: L-deprenyl, a MAO-B inhibitor, as an adjunct to conventional L-dopa therapy in Parkinson’s disease: experience in 200 patients. Adv Neurol 53: 431–435, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  703. W. Birkmayer, J. Knoll, P. Riederer, J. B. Youdim: (—)-deprenyl leads to prolongation of L-dopa efficacy in Parkinson’s disease. Mod Probl Pharmacopsychiat 19: 170–176, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  704. J. Knoll: The facilitation of dopaminergic activity in the aged brain by (—)deprenyl. A proposal for a strategy to improve the quality of life in senescence. Mech Ageing Dev 30: 109–122, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  705. P. F. Teychenne, S. Parker: Double-blind, crossover placebo controlled trial of selegiline in Parkinson’s disease - an interim analysis. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl 126: 119–125, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  706. C. Chouza, R. Aljanati, A. Scaramelli, O. De-Median, J. L. Caamano, R. Buzo, A. Fernandez, S. Romero: Combination of selegiline and controlled release levodopa in the treatment of fluctuations of clinical disability in parkinsonian patients. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl 126: 127–137, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  707. M. Grundmann, K. Schimrigk: Levodopa and monoamine oxidase inhibitor combination therapy. A controlled clinical trial. J Neural Transm Suppl 25: 115–119, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  708. G. Nappi, E. Martignoni, R. Horowski, C. Pacchetti, E. Rainer, P. Bruggi, I. Runge: Lisuride plus selegiline in the treatment of early Parkinson’s disease. Acta Neurol Scand 83: 407–410, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  709. O. Rascol, J. L. Montastruc, J. M. Senard, J. F. Demonet, M. Simonetta, A. Rascol: Two weeks of treatment with deprenyl (selegiline) does not prolong L-dopa effect in parkinsonian patients: A double-blind crossover placebo-controlled trial. Neurology 38: 1387–1391, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  710. J. P. Frankel, P. A. Kempster, C. M. Stibe, V. M. Eatough, M. Nathanson, A. J. Lees, G. M. Stern. A double-blind, controlled study of high-dose L-deprenyl in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Clin Neuropharmacol 12: 448–451, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  711. J. O. Rinne, M. Roytta, L. Paljarvi, J. Rummukainen, U. K. Rinne: Selegiline (deprenyl) treatment and death of nigral neurons in Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 41: 859–861, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  712. J. Mann, S. Gershon: L-deprenyl, a selective monoamine oxidase type-B inhibitor in endogenous depression. Life Sci 26: 877–882, 1980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  713. N. Mendis, C. M. B. Pare, M. Sandler et al: Is the failure of (-)deprenyl, a selective monoamine oxidase B inhibitor, to alleviate depression related to freedom from the cheese effect? Psychopharmacol 73: 87–90, 1981.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  714. J. J. Mann, A. Frances, E. D. Peselow, S. Gershon: Differential efficacy of L-deprenyl, a selective MAO type-B inhibitor in endogenous and non-endogenous depression. Psychopharmacol Bull 18: 182–184, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  715. J. Mendlewicz, M. B. Youdim: L-deprenyl, a selective monoamine oxidase type B inhibitor, in the treatment of depression: a double-blind evaluation: Br J Psychiat 142: 508–511, 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  716. J. Mann, S. F. Aarons, A. Frances, W. Bernstein, C. Douglas, M. Sickles: Symptoms of atypical depression as a predictor of response to l-deprenyl. Psychopharmacol bull 19: 333–335, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  717. J. J. Mann, S. F. Aarons, A. J. Frances, R. D. Brown: Studies of selective and reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors. J Clin Psychiat 45: 62–66, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  718. F. M. Quitkin, M. R. Liebowitz, J.W. Stewart, P.J. McGrath, W. Harrison, J. G. Rabkin, J. Markowitz, S.O. Davies: L-deprenyl in atypical depressives. Arch Gen Psychiat 41: 777–781, 1984.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  719. P. J. McGrath, J. W. Stewart, W. Harrison, S. Wager, E. N. Nunes, F. M. Quitkin: A placebo controlled trial of L-deprenyl in atypical depression. Psychopharmacol Bull 25: 63–67, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  720. J. J. Mann, S. F. Aarons, P. J. Wilner, J. G. Keilp, J. A. Sweeney, T. Pearlstein, A. J. Frances, J. H. Kocsis, R. P. Brown: A controlled study of the antidepressant efficacy and side effects of (—)-deprenyl. A selective monoamine oxidase inhibitor. Arch Gen Psychiat 46: 45–50, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  721. J. Mendlewicz, M. B. Youdim: Antidepressant ptoentiation of 5-hydroxy-tryptophan by L-deprenyl in affective illness. J Affective Disord 2: 137–146, 1980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  722. P. Riederer, G. P. Reynolds, M. B. H. Youdim: Monoamine oxidase — The State of the Art. M. B. H. Youdim and E. S. Paykel Eds. Wiley, Chichester 63, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  723. W. Birkmayer, P. Riederer, W. Linauer, J. Knoll: L-deprenyl plus L-phen-ylalanine in the treatment of depression. J Neural Transm 59: 81–87, 1984.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  724. H. C. Sabelli: Rapid treatment of depression with selegiline-phenylalanine combination. J Clin Psychiat 52: 241, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  725. E. Martini, I. Pataky, K. Szilagyi, V. Venter: Brief information of an early phase-II-study with deprenyl in demented patients. Pharmacopsychiat 20: 256–257, 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  726. P. N. Tariot, T. Sunderland, H. Weingartner, D. L. Murphy, J. A. Welkowitz, K. Thompson, R. M. Cohen: Cognitive effects of L-deprenyl in Alzheimer’s disease. Psychopharmacol 91: 489–495, 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  727. P. N. Tariot, R. M. Cohen, T. Sunderland, P. A. Newhouse, D. Yount, A. M. Mellow, H. Weingartner, E. A. Mueller, D. L. Murphy: L-deprenyl in Alzheimer’s disease. Preliminary evidence for behavioral change with monoamine oxidase B inhibition. Arch Gen Psychiat 44: 427–433, 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  728. P. N. Tariot, T. Sunderland, R. M. Cohen, P. A. Newhouse, E. A. Mueller, D. L. Murphy: Tranylcypromine compared with L-deprenyl in Alzheimer’s disease. J Clin Psychopharmacol 8: 23–27, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  729. N. Campi, G. P. Todeschini, L. Scarzella: Selegiline versus L-acetylcarnitine in the treatment of Alzheimer type dementia. Clin Ther 12: 306–314, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  730. A. Falsaperla, P. A. Monici-Preti, C. Oliani: Selegiline versus oxiracetam in patients with Alzheimer type dementia. Clin Ther 12: 376–384, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  731. G. L. Piccinin, G. Finali, M. Piccirilli: Neuropsychological effects of L-deprenyl in Alzheimer’s type dementia. Clin Neuropharmacol 13: 147–163, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  732. A. Agnoli, N. Martucci, G. Fabbrini, A. E. Buckley, M. Fioravanti: Monoamine oxidase and dementia: Treatment with an inhibitor of MAO-B activity. Dementia 1: 109–114, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  733. A. Monteverde, P. Gnemmi, F. Rossi, A. Monteverde, G. C. Finali: Selegiline in the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer-type dementia. Clin Ther 12: 315–322, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  734. E. Martignoni, G. Bono, F. Blandini, E. Sinforiami, P. Merlo, G. Nappi: Monoamines and related metabolite levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type. Influence of treatment with L-deprenyl. J Neural Transm Park Dis Dement Sect 3: 15–25, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  735. A. Mangoni, M. P. Grassi, L. Frattola, R. Piolti, S. Bassi, A. Motta, A. Marcone, S. Smirne: Effect of MAO-B inhibitor in the treatment of Alzheimer disease. Eur Neurol 31: 100–107, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  736. S. E. Roselaar, N. Langdon, C. B. Lock, P. Jenner, J. D. Parkes: Selegiline in narcolepsy. Sleep 10: 491–495, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  737. D. R. Wood, F. W. Reimherr, P. H. Wender: The use of L-deprenyl in the treatment of attention deficit disorder, residual type. Psychopharmacol bull 19: 627–629, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  738. M. Mauro, O. Scarpino, G.Pelliccioni et al: Dopaminergic treatment in a case of Lafora’s disease. Boll Lega Ital Epilessia 54–55: 63–65, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  739. G. Bodo, K. Elkan, G. Bencze: Prevention of motion sickness with selegil-inum hydrochloricum. Ther Hung 37: 103–106, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  740. P. Lavie, J. Wajsbort, M. B. H. Youdim: Deprenyl does not cause insomnia in parkinsonian patients: Commun Psychopharmacol 4: 303–307, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  741. P.J. McGrath, J. W. Stewart, F. M. Quitkin: A possible L-deprenyl induced hypertensive reaction (letter). J Clin Psychopharmacol 9: 330–331, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  742. T. Sunderland, E. A. Mueller, R. M. Cohen et al: Tyramine pressor sensitivity changes during deprenyl treatment. Psychopharmacol 86: 432–437, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  743. G. Simpson, K. White, E. Pi, J. Razani, R. Sloane: Monoamine oxidase inhibition and tyramine sensitivity in 1-deprenyl-treated subjects. Psychopharmacol bull 19: 340–342, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  744. G. M. Simpson, J. De-Leon: Tyramine and new monoamine oxidase inhibitor drugs. Br J Psychiat Suppl 6: 32–37, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  745. G. Bodo, K. Elkan, G. Bencze: Prevention of motion sickness with selegilinum hydrochloricum. Ther Hung 37: 103–106, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  746. J. O. Cole, J. A. Bodkin: Antidepressant drug side effects. J Clin Psychiat 51: 21–26, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  747. O. Suchowersky, J. DEVries: Possible interactions between deprenyl and prozac. Can J Neurol Sci 17: 352–353, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  748. P. F. D’Arcy: Life threatening interaction between pethidine and selegiline. Int Pharm J 5: 105, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  749. G. L. Zornberg, J. A. Bodkin, B. M. Cohen: Severe adverse interaction between pethidine and selegiline Lancet 337: 246, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  750. F. A. Wiesel, J. Raaflaub, R. Kettler: Pharmacokinetics of oral moclobemide in healthy human subjects and effects on MAO-activity in platelets and excretion of urine monoamine metabolites. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 28: 89–95, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  751. A. Korn, H. G. Eichler, W. Raffesberg, S. Gasic, M. Rotter: The effect of single dose and chronic moclobemide treatment on Clonidine induced changes in blood pressure and norepinephrine and MHPG levels in plasma in man. Pharmacol res commun 20 suppl IV: 145–146, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  752. M. Koulu, M. Scheinin, A. Kaarttinen, J. Kallio, K. Pyykko, J. Vuorinen, R. H. Zimmer: Inhibition of monoamine oxidase by moclobemide: Effects on monoamine metabolism and secretion of anterior pituitary hormones and Cortisol in healthy volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 27: 243–255, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  753. M. Scheinin, M. Koulu, S. Karhuvaara, R. H. Zimmer: Evidence that the reversible MAO-A inhibitor moclobemide increases prolactin secretion by a serotonergic mechanism in healthy male volunteers. Life-Sci: 47: 1491–1499, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  754. I. Berlin, R. Zimmer, H. M. Thiede, C. Payan, T. Hergueta, L. Robin, A. J. Puech: Comparison of the monoamine oxidase inhibiting properties of two reversible and selective monoamine oxidase-A inhibitors moclobemide and toloxatone, and assessment of their effect on psychometric performance in healthy subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 30: 805–816, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  755. J. Dingemanse, I. Berlin, C. Payan, H. M. Thiede, A. J. Puech: Comparative investigation of the effect of moclobemide and toloxatone on monoamine oxidase activity and psychometric performance in healthy subjects. Psychopharmacol 106 Suppl: 68–70, 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  756. F. Dajas, A. Lista, L. Barbeito: High urinary norepinephrine excretion in major depressive disorders: Effects of a new type of MAO-inhibitor (Moclobemide, Ro 11–1163). Acta Psychiat Scand 70: 432–437, 1984.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  757. P. R. Bieck, H. Kemmler, K. H. Antonin, K. Tipton: Evidence for “local” gastrointestinal effects of MAO-inhibition on metabolism and transport of tyramine in human. Pharmacol Res Communicat 20, Suppl IV: 129–130, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  758. P. C. Waldmeier, K. H. Antonin, J. J. Feldtrauer, C. Grunenwald, E. Paul, J. Lauber, P. Bieck: Urinary excretion of O-methylated catecholamines, tyramine and phenyl-ethylamine by volunteers treated with tranylcypromine and CGP 11 305. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 25: 361–368, 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  759. C. Schick, P. R. Bieck: Changes of urinary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl-glycol (MHPG) excretion during subchronic treatment with different MAO-inhibitors in healthy subjects. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch Pharmacol Supp 335: R110, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  760. M. Linnoila, P. Karoum, W. Z. Potter: Effect of low-dose clorgyline on 24-hour urinary monoamine excretion in patients with rapidly cycling bipolar affective disorder. Arch Gen Psychiat 39: 513–516, 1982.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  761. W. Z. Potter, F. Karoum, M. Linnoila: Common mechanism of action of biochemically “specific” antidepressants. Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiat 8: 153–161, 1984.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  762. A. Zametkin, J. L. Rapoport, D. L. Murphy et al: Treatment of hyperactive children with monoamine oxidase inhibitors. II. Plasma and urinary monoamine findings after treatment. Arch Gen Psychiatry 42: 969–973, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  763. D. L. Murphy, T. Sunderland, N. A. Garrick, C. S. Aulakh, R. M. Cohen: Selective Amine Oxidase inhibitors: Basic to clinical studies and back. Clinical pharmacology in psychiatry (Psychopharmacol Ser 3). Eds Dahl, Gram, Paul, Potter. Springer Berlin, Heidelberg, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  764. R. L. Hauger, M. Scheinin, L. J. Siever, M. Linnoila, W. Z. Potter: Dissociation of norepinephrine turnover from alpha 2 responses after clorgyline. Clin Pharmacol Ther 43: 32–38, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  765. R. N. Golden, S. P. Markey, E. D. Risby, M. V. Rudorfer, R. W. Cowdry, W. Z. Potter: Antidepressants reduce whole-body norepinephrine turnover while enhancing 6-hydroxymelatonin output. Arch Gen Psychiat 45: 150–154, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  766. W. Z. Potter, M. Scheinin, R. N. Golden et al: Selective antidepressants and cerebrospinal fluid. Lack of specificity on norepinephrine and serotonin metabolites. Arch Gen Psychiat 42: 1171–1177, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  767. R. J. Ross, M. Scheinin, P. Lesieur et al: The effect of clorgyline on noradrenergic function. Psychopharmacol 85: 227–230, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  768. M. Linnoila, F. Karoum, W. Z. Potter: Effects of antidepressant treatments on dopamine turnover in depressed patients. Arch Gen Psychiat 40: 1015–1017, 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  769. E. D. Risby, J. K. Hsiao, T. Sunderland, H. Agren, M. V. Rudorfer, W. Z. Potter: The effects of antidepressants on cerebrospinal fluid homovanillic acid 5-hydroxyindolacetic ratio. Clin Pharmacol Ther 42: 547–554, 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  770. E.J. Filinger: Platelet monoamine oxidase inhibition by clorgyline in chronic schizophrenics. Med Sci Res 17: 547–548, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  771. L. J. Siever, T. W. Uhde, D. L. Murphy: Possible subsensitization of alpha 2-adrenergic receptors by chronic monoamine oxidase inhibitor treatment in psychiatric patients. Psychiat Res 6: 293–302, 1982.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  772. L. J. Siever, T. W. Uhde, T. R. Insel et al: Growth hormone response to Clonidine unchanged by chronic clorgyline treatment. Psychiat Res 7: 139–143, 1982.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  773. L. J. Siever, M. S. Kafka, T. R. Insel, C. R. Lake, D. L. Murphy: Effect of long-term clorgyline administration on human platelet alpha-adrenergic receptor binding and platelet cyclic AMP responses. Psychiat Res 9: 37–44, 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  774. P. R. Bieck, K. H. Antonin, R. Balon, G.Oxenkrug: Effect of brofaromine and pargyline on human plasma melatonin concentrations. Progr Neuro-Psychopharmacol 12: 93–101, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  775. D. L. Murphy, L. Tamarkin, T. Sunderland, N. A. Garrick, R. M. Cohen: Human plasma melatonin is elevated during treatment with the monoamine oxidase inhibitors clorgyline and tranylcypromine but not deprenyl. Psychiat Res 17: 119–127, 1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  776. M. S. Benedetti, A. Eschalier, A. Lesage et al: Effect of a reversible and selective MAO-A inhibitor (cimoxatone) on diurnal variation in plasma prolactin level in man. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 26: 71–77, 1984.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  777. G. F. Oxenkrug: The acute effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors on serotonin conversion to melatonin. In: 5-Hydroxytryptamine in Psychiatry, a spectrum of ideas. Editors: M. Sandler, A. Copper and S. Harnett. Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York, Tokyo: 99–109, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  778. G. P. Reynolds, P. Riederer, M. Sandler: 2-Phenylethylamine and amphetamine in human brain: Effects of L-deprenyl in Parkinson’s disease (proceedings). Biochem Soc Trans 7: 143–145, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  779. M. B. H. Youdim: Pharmacology of MAO-B inhibitors: Mode of action of (—)deprenyl in Parkinson’s disease. J Neural Transm Suppl 22: 91–105, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  780. P. Riederer, M. B. H. Youdim: Monoamine oxidase activity and monoamine metabolism in brains of parkinsonian patients treated with 1-deprenyl. J Neurochem 46: 1359–1365, 1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  781. P. Riederer, K. Jellinger: Neurochemical insights into monoamine oxidase inhibitors, with special reference to deprenyl (selegiline). Acta Neurol Scand Suppl 95: 43–55, 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  782. C. G. Gottfries: Alzheimer’s disease and senile dementia: Biochemical characteristics and aspects of treatment. Psychopharmacol 86: 245–252, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  783. P. Riederer, C. Konradi, G. Hebenstreit, M. B. H. Youdim: Neurochemical perspectives to the function of monoamine oxidase. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl 80: 41–45, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  784. M. Koulu, R. Lammintausta: Human growth hormone and dopaminergic drugs, with special reference to deprenyl (selegiline): A summary of studies on volunteers. Acta Neurol Scand 95: 91–94, 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  785. G. P. Reynolds, P. Riederer, M. Sandler, K. Jellinger, D. Seemann: Amphetamine and 2-phenylethylamine in post-mortem Parkinsonian brain after (—)deprenyl administration. J Neural Transm 43: 271–277, 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  786. C. Thornton, C. J. Dore, J. D. Elsworth et al: The effect of deprenyl, a selective monoamine oxidase B inhibitor, on sleep and mood in man. Psychopharmacol 70: 163–166, 1980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  787. F. Karoum, L. W. Chuang, T. Eisler et al: Metabolism of (—)deprenyl to amphetamine and methamphetamine may BEresponsible for deprenyl’s therapeutic benefit: a biochemical assessment. Neurology 32: 503–509, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  788. J. Medlewicz, M. B. H. Youdim: A double-blind placebo study of L-deprenyl in affective disorders. Psychopharmacol Bull 19: 328–332, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  789. K. Baraczka, M. I. K. Fekete, B. Kanyicska: Changes in dopamine and 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels in human cerebrospinal fluid after L-dopa and deprenyl administration. J Neural Transm 58: 299–304, 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  790. M. R. Liebowitz, F. Karoum, F. M. Quitkin, S. O. Davies, D. Schwartz, M. Levitt, M. Linnoila: Biochemical effects of L-deprenyl in atypical depressives. Biol Psychiat 20: 558–565, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  791. G. M. Simpson, E. Frederickson, R. Palmer et al: Platelet monoamine oxidase inhibition by deprenyl and tranylcypromine: implications for clinical use. Biol Psychiat 20: 684–687, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  792. G. Eisenhofer, D. S. Goldstein, R. Stull et al: Simultaneous liquid-chromatographic determination of 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylglycol, catecholamines, and 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine in plasma, and their responses to inhibition of monoamine oxidase. Clin Chem 32: 3030–3033, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  793. D. L. Murphy, T. Sunderland, N. A. Garrick, C. S. Aulakh, R. M. Cohen: Selective amine oxidase inhibitors: Basic to clinical studies and back. Psychopharmacol 3: 135–146, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  794. T. Sunderland, P. N. Tariot, R. M. Cohen et al: Dose dependent effect of deprenyl on CSF monoamine metabolites in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Psychopharmacol 91: 293–296, 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  795. D. H. Lee, M. Mendoza, M. T. Dvorozniak, E. Chung, M. H. Van Woert, M. D. Yahr: Platelet monoamine oxidase in Parkinson patients: Effect of L-deprenyl therapy. J Neural Transm Park Dis Dement Sect 1: 189–194, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  796. J. D. Elsworth, M. Sandler, A. J. Lees, C. Ward, G. M. Stern: The contribution of amphetamine metabolites of (-)-deprenyl to its antiparkinsonian properties. J Neural Transm 54: 105–110, 1982.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  797. G. B. Baker, R. T. Coutts: Metabolism of monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiat 13: 395–403, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  798. J. E. Meeker, P. C. Reynolds: Postmortem tissue methamphetamine concentrations following selegiline administration. J Anal Toxicol 14: 330–331, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  799. G. M. Stern, A. J. Lees, R. J. Hardie, M. Sandler: Clinical and pharmacological problems of deprenyl (selegiline) treatment in Parkinson’s disease. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl 95: 113–116, 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  800. S. H. Snyder, R. J. d’Amato: A neurotoxin relevant to the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 36: 250–258, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  801. J. Knoll: Critical role in MAO-inhibition in Parkinson’s disease. Adv Neurol 45: 107–110, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  802. M. Strolin-Benedetti, P. Dostert. Monoamine oxidase, brain ageing and degenerative diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 38: 555–561, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  803. P. J. McGrath, J. W. Stewart, W. Harrison, S. Wagner, E. N. Nunes, F. Quitkin: A placebo controlled trial of L-deprenyl in atypical depression. Psychopharmacol Bull 25: 63–67, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  804. W. Muller-Limmroth/ Effect of a new antiparkinson drug, selegiline, on psychomotor performance in humans. Arzneim Forsch/Drug Res 35: 998–1002, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  805. M. C. Sabelli, J. Fawcett, F. Gusovsky, J. I. Javaid, P. Wynn, J. Edwar, H. Jeffriess, H. Kravitz: Clinical studies on the phenylethylamine hypothesis of affective disorder: urine and blood phenylacetic acid and phenylethylamine dietary supplements. J Clin Psychiat 47: 66–70, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  806. S. Nakamura, T. Kawamata, I. Akiguchi, M. Kameyama, N. Nakamura, H. Kimura: Expression of monoamine oxidase B activity in astrocytes of senile plaques. Acta Neuropathol 80: 419–425, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  807. C. Hinze, D. Harland, M. Zreika, B. Dulery, J.Hardenberg: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the tolerability and effects on platelet MAO-B activity of single oral doses of MDL 72.974 A in normal volunteers. J Neural Transm Suppl 32: 203–209, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  808. R. Zimmer, R. Kettler, K. Bauer, M. M. Thiede: Pharmacodynamics of Ro 19–6327, a reversible and highly selective MAO-inhibitor. Jerusalem meeting on Parkinson’s disease, June 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  809. M. Da Prada: New approaches to the treatment of age-related brain disorders. Can J Neurol Sci 18: 384–386, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  810. C. J. Bench, G. W. Price, A. A. Lammertsma, J. C. Cremer, S. K. Luthra, D. Turton, R. J. Dolan, R. Kettler, J. Dingemanse, M. Da Prada, M. Bizière, G. R. McClelland, V. L. Jamieson, N. B. Wood, R. S. J. Frackowiak: Measurement of human cerebral monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B) activity with positron emission tomography (PET): a dose ranging study with the reversible inhibitor Ro 19–6327. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 40: 169–173, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pharma Division, Preclinical Research, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland

    Andrea M. Cesura

  2. Swiss Academy of Medical Sciences, Petersplatz 13, CH-4055, Basel, Switzerland

    Alfred Pletscher

Authors
  1. Andrea M. Cesura
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Alfred Pletscher
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Basel, Switzerland

    Ernst Jucker

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1992 Birkhäuser Verlag Basel

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Cesura, A.M., Pletscher, A. (1992). The new generation of monoamine oxidase inhibitors. In: Jucker, E. (eds) Progress in Drug Research / Fortschritte der Arzneimittelforschung / Progrès des recherches pharmaceutiques. Progress in Drug Research / Fortschritte der Arzneimittelforschung / Progrès des recherches pharmaceutiques, vol 38. Birkhäuser Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7141-9_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7141-9_3

  • Publisher Name: Birkhäuser Basel

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-0348-7143-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-0348-7141-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation