Abstract
Evidence accumulated during the last few years suggests that GPR55 is an important component of the molecular circuitry that controls cancer cell behavior. As will be described in this chapter, this receptor has been directly or indirectly related to the basic alterations that drive malignant growth: uncontrolled cancer cell proliferation, sustained angiogenesis, and metastatic capability. GPR55 activation promotes cell proliferation, produces pro-angiogenic effects, and favors cancer cell migration. It also modulates immune responses, which may have important implications in the context of cancer pathogenesis as well. In addition, GPR55 is expressed by a large number of human cancer cell lines and human tumors and, most important, its expression correlates with tumor malignancy. Together, these data indicate that GPR55 plays a relevant role in cancer and opens the possibility of considering this orphan receptor as a new therapeutic target and potential biomarker in oncology.
Keywords
- Cancer Cell Proliferation
- Human Dermal Microvascular Endothelial Cell
- Human Breast Adenocarcinoma Cell
- GPR55 Expression
- GPR55 Agonist
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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- AEA:
-
Arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide)
- CBD:
-
Cannabidiol
- COX-2:
-
Cyclooxygenase-2
- cPLA2:
-
Cytosolic phospholipase A2
- ERK:
-
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- GPCR:
-
G protein-coupled receptor
- HMVEC:
-
Human microvascular endothelial cells
- HUVEC:
-
Human umbilical vein endothelial cells
- LOX:
-
Lipoxygenase
- LPA:
-
Lysophosphatidic acid
- LPI:
-
Lysophosphatidylinositol
- NFAT:
-
Nuclear factor of activate T-cells
- NGF:
-
Nerve growth factor
- PI3K:
-
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- PPAR:
-
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- RTK:
-
Receptor tyrosine kinase
- shRNA:
-
Short hairpin RNA
- siRNA:
-
Small interference RNA
- TRP:
-
Transient receptor potential
- VEGF:
-
Vascular endothelial growth factor
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by grants from Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (to CS), Comunidad de Madrid (to MG), Complutense University (to MG), Fundación Mutua Madrileña (to CS), and GW and Otsuka Pharmaceuticals (to CS and MG). CA, MMC, and EP-G were the recipients of research contracts from Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Fundación Ferrer para la Investigación, and Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer, respectively. We are indebted to the members of our laboratory for their continuous support.
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Andradas, C., Caffarel, M.M., Pérez-Gómez, E., Guzmán, M., Sánchez, C. (2013). The Role of GPR55 in Cancer. In: Abood, M., Sorensen, R., Stella, N. (eds) endoCANNABINOIDS. The Receptors, vol 24. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4669-9_5
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