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Adsorption of Gases on Carbon Molecular Sieves

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Abstract

Adsorption on carbon molecular sieves (CMS) prepared by coke deposition has become an interesting area of adsorption due to its microporous nature and favorable separation factor on size and shape selectivity basis for many gaseous systems. In the present work CMS was synthesized from coconut shell through three major steps, namely, carbonization, activation, and coke deposition by hydrocarbon cracking. The crushed, washed, and sieved granules of coconut shell (particle size 2-3 mm) were pretreated with sodium silicate solution and ovendried at 150°C to create the inorganic sites necessary for coke deposition. Carbonization and activation of the dried granules were carried out at 800°C, for 30 min each. The activated char thus produced was subjected to hydrocarbon cracking at 600°C for periods varying from 30 to 180 min. The product samples were characterized in terms of adsorption isotherm, kinetic adsorption curve, surface area, pore volume, pore size distribution, and characteristic energy of adsorption by using O2, N2, C2H2, CO2, C3H6, and CH4.

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    The main use of CMS adsorbent has been the nitrogen production from air [4,5] by means of a kinetic separation where both components are nearly equally adsorbed but diffusion of oxygen is much faster being preferentially adsorbed and the CO2/CH4 separation [6,7]. Pure propane and propylene adsorption equilibrium is particularly well documented for CMS 5A [8–11] and for other home-prepared carbon molecular sieves [12,13], although data for CMS 4A is very scarce. Recent investigations in CMS 4A (Bergbau–Forschung with pore size ranging from 3 to 5 Å) showed that both molecules were totally excluded [14].

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    Carbon molecular sieves (CMS) are a special class of microporous materials used as adsorbents in separation processes. Due to the narrow pore size distribution, CMS find a wide range of applications in the field of separation, like nitrogen and oxygen from air [1,2] or carbon dioxide and methane [3] from their mixtures. The difference in kinetic adsorption characteristics of different gas species in CMS makes this adsorbent suitable for use in pressure-swing-adsorption processes (PSA).

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