Shigellainfection as observed in the experimentally inoculated domestic pig,Sus scrofa domestica

doi:10.1006/mpat.1998.0230

Microbial Pathogenesis

Volume 25, Issue 4, October 1998, Pages 189-196

https://doi.org/10.1006/mpat.1998.0230 Get rights and content

Abstract

The domestic pig,Sus scrofa domestica, was investigated as a potential animal model for shigellosis. We examined the effects of pig age, pig breed and antibiotic pretreatment uponShigellainfection.Shigella dysenteriae, andShigella flexneri(both virulent and avirulent strains) were utilized. Our results indicated that young (4-week-old), conventionally re ared, domestic pigs were routinely, but briefly, colonized (average=3.5±2.5 days) following oral or gavage administration ofS. flexneri, as determined by direct rectal cultures. The duration ofS. dysenteriaecolonization was significantly shorter. Inoculation of younger (2 days) or older (9 weeks) pigs withS. flexnerihad no significant effect on infection duration. Similarly, infection of 4-week-old pigs with virulent and avirulent strains ofS. flexnerihad no effect upon the duration of infection, nor did the use of a swine-passagedS. flexneriisolate. Marked clinical, histopathological (gross and microscopic) and immunohistopathological signs of disease were absent in all infections. However, in instances where microscopic histopathological evidence was used to correctly identify infected pigs, tonsillar lesions were the consistently noted criteria. The tonsils are believed to be an important portal of entry forSalmonella choleraesuis, another member of the Enterobacteriaceae and a prevalent pig pathogen. Taken altogether, our results indicate that the domestic pig is unsuitable as a model for shigellosis.

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Shigella spp. naturally cause disease only in humans and non-human primates. Small animal models, which show the development of typical dysenteric disease upon Shigella oral challenge [24,25], do not exist and even the primate model of oral infection/immunity has been found to be an unreliable predictor of the behavior of anti-Shigella vaccine candidates in humans [7]. Further, S. Typhi is strictly a human pathogen, limiting available models in which to evaluate orally administered live, attenuated S. Typhi vaccine candidates.
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The domestic pig, Sus scrofa domestica, was examined as a model for typhoid fever, a severe and systemic disease of humans caused by Salmonella typhi. Six pigs were inoculated 1 week post-weaning with approximately 10¹⁰colony forming units (cfu) of wild type Salmonella typhi strain ISP1820 intranasally and observed for 3 weeks. S. typhi was cultured from the tonsils of 50% of the pigs at necropsy. Cultures from all other organs analysed (ileum, colon, spleen and liver) were negative. No clinical or histopathological signs of disease were observed. Pigs inoculated in parallel with swine-virulent S. choleraesuis all exhibited signs of systemic salmonellosis indicating that the parameters of the experimental infection with S. typhi (e.g. route) were appropriate. Whereas the pig has a gastrointestinal tract that is very similar to humans, our results indicated that the unique features of host and microbe interaction needed to produce typhoid fever were not mimicked in swine. Nevertheless, our observation of tonsillar involvement was consistent with former observations of S. choleraesuis and S. typhimurium infections in swine and supports a role for the tonsil in all porcine salmonella infections.
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^f2: Present address: Pfizer Animal Health, 601 West Cornhusker Highway, Lincoln, NE 68521, U.S.A.

^f3: Present address: Pennsylvania State University Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A.

^f1: Author for correspondence.

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Regular ArticleShigellainfection as observed in the experimentally inoculated domestic pig,Sus scrofa domestica

Abstract

Gastroenterology

Shigellosis

In: R. Germaier Ed.Bacterial Vaccines

Genetic determinants ofShigella

Ann Rev Microbiol

Invasion and the pathogenesis ofShigella

Curr Top Microbiol Immunol

Bacillary dysentery: mechanisms and treatment

Med Clin North Am

Genetic basis of virulence inShigella

Microbiol Rev

Eternal challenge of experimental animals with Shigellae

In: Voino-Yasentsky MV, Bakacs T, Eds. Pathogenesis of Intestinal Infections. Budapest: Akademiai Kiado,

ExperimentalShigella

J Bact

Indomethacin inhibition ofSalmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri

J Infect Dis

Development of an improved animal model of shigellosis in the adult rabbit by colonic infection withShigella flexneri

Infect Immun

Antibody and cytokine responses in a mouse pulmonary model ofShigella flexneri

Infect Immun

Role of M cells in initial antigen uptake and in ulcer formation in rabbit intestinal loop model of shigellosis

Infect Immun

The response of man to virulentShigella flexneri

J Infect Dis

Inoculum size in shigellosis and implications for the expected mode of transmission

J Infect Dis

Epithelial cell penetration as an essential step in the pathogenesis of bacillary dysentery

J Bact

Experimental acute colitis in the rhesus monkey following peroral infection withShigella flexneri

Am J Pathol

Specificity of monoclonal antibodies elicited by mucosal infection of BALB/c mice with virulentShigella flexneri

Clin Diaghab Immunol

Development and comparative aspects of digesta

In: Swenson MJ, Ed.Duke's Physiology of Domestic Animals

The passage of food through the alimentary tract of the piglet

Res Vet Sci

Age-specific colonization of porcine intestinal epithelium by 987P-piliated enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli

Infect Immun

Edema disease

In: Leman AD, Straw B, Glock RD, Mengeling WL, Penny RHC, Scholl E, Eds.Diseases of Swine

Regular Article
Shigellainfection as observed in the experimentally inoculated domestic pig,Sus scrofa domestica