Regular ArticleAssociations between Birth Order and Personality Traits: Evidence from Self-Reports and Observer Ratings☆,☆☆
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2015, Journal of Research in PersonalityCitation Excerpt :However, given our lack of observer-reports of personality, we cannot speak to those effect sizes. Some previous studies (e.g., Jefferson, Herbst, & McCrae, 1998) reported differences in the strength of association between birth order and personality when using peer- and spouse-ratings, as opposed to self-reports. Specifically, Jefferson et al. (1998) found larger effects for peer-ratings.
Older sisters and younger brothers: The impact of siblings on preference for competition
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We thank Frank Sulloway, Delroy Paulhus, Suzanne Phillips, and Judith Rich Harris for helpful comments. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-Up Study was jointly initiated by the National Institute on Aging and the National Center for Health Statistics and has been developed and funded by the National Institute on Aging; the National Center for Health Statistics; the National Cancer Institute; the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; the National Institute of Arthritis, Diabetes, and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; the National Institute of Mental Health; the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; and the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke.
Tyrone Jefferson, Jr., is now at Morgan State University. Correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed to Robert R. McCrae, Box 3, Gerontology Research Center, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224-6825. E-mail:[email protected].
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D. C. FunderR. D. ParkeC. Tomlinson-KeaseyK. Widaman